238 



THE PRACTICE OF SHOEING. 



more clifiicult. Such shoes are also more liable to break than 

 those of ordinary pattern, and have never come into very 

 extended nse. 



The machine-made fullered fore shoe presents no essential 

 difference from the hand-made shoe above described. The 

 manufacturers now supply hand-made shoes of this pattern 

 which have the advantage of lasting somewhat longer, and of 

 permitting a clip to be drawn with greater ease, than the 

 machine-made article. They also make similar shoes with 



Fig. 237. — Concave fore shoe for carriage liorse. Ground surface. (The bars - 

 appear somewhat too pronunent owing to the preparation of the foot.) 



inside feather-edge for horses which cut and brush. These 

 will be more particularly referred to under the head of 

 ' Cutting and Brushing.' 



Unlike those of the hack, the carriage horse's hind shoes 

 are generally provided with calkins of equal height, the 

 inner being somewhat less wide and rounded on the margin 

 facing the opposite hoof. Sometimes the inner calkin is 

 replaced by a wedge or knocked-up heel, though this is undesir- 

 able unless the animal goes very close or rests one hind-foot on 

 the coronet of the other in the stable. Two calkins give a 

 much better foothold. The shoe most commonly used has a 

 calkin outside and wedge heel inside. 



For carriage horses with good action the ordinary shoe has 

 two calkins of equal height, the inner slightly smaller than the 



