240 THE PRACTICE OF SHOEING. 



pavements, must expose the limb to severe and unnecessary 

 strains. 



It has been found that many horses, which * cut ' when shod 

 with any form of preventing shoe, go perfectly well with a flat 

 shoe, of which the inside branch is bevelled from above down- 

 wards. A well-developed frog is almost indispensable, however, 

 when this shoe is used, in order to secure foothold, though the 

 difficulty may be partly overcome by the employment of india- 

 rubber pads. 



It is scarcely needful to say that, for horses which cut, the 

 use of hind shoes with a calkin and a flat heel lower than the 

 calkin, though common, throws a great strain on the articula- 

 tions, and should only be resorted to when all other methods 

 have failed. 



