248 THE PRACTICE OF SHOEING. 



the calkins much further forward than usual. The upper 

 surface of the shoe is perfectly flat and only the inner margin 

 is slightly rounded off. Cart horses seldom overreach or cut 

 in their ordinary work, so that no special precautions are 

 needed on this account. 



The Scotch cart-horse shoe is usually straighter in the 

 branches than the English shoe, the calkins are broader from 

 side to side but not so long, and the quarters are fullered. 



Shunting horses, employed for moving railway trucks, should 

 be shod very close and sliort and the heels of their shoes bevelled 

 to prevent the shoes becoming fixed in points or sleepers ; 

 calkins are absolutely contra-indicated. 



Pit ponies require similar precautions. 



