262: 



THE PRACTICE OF SHOEING. 



which access may be had to the frog. The shoe (tig. 263) with 

 rounded aperture is common in Turkey, that with triangular 

 aperture in Africa. The hoof surface is wider than the ground 

 surface, so that the upper outer margin slightly overhangs the 

 lower. There are six to eight round nail holes equally spaced 

 in the quarters, but none at the toe. The shoe is fitted cold, 

 the horn being allowed to project a trifle beyond the shoe at 

 the quarters, and to a considerable extent at the toe ; the heels 

 of the shoe are bent upwards so as to protect the bulbs of the 



t'lG. 2G3. — Oriental shoe. 



foot. After nailing on, the hoof is trimmed to the shoe by 

 means of a large knife. The nails have large strong heads with 

 lateral projections, the object of which is to give increased foot- 

 hold. As these projections meet when the nails are driven 

 home, they also tend to mutually support each other. The 

 neck of the nail is round, the shank, however, square, and the 

 point tapering. The point is not wrung off after driving, and 

 there are no clenches, but the projecting portion is formed into 

 a spiral, which is gently beaten flat on the wall of the hoof. 

 As the iron of which the nails are composed is of excellent 

 quality, this method permits of the same nail being used more 

 than once. 



The Oriental shoe, as opposed to that used in Europe, takes 



