MEANS OF RESTRAINT. 



423 



the posterior third of the shoe and is then bent forwards, 

 upwards, and outwards over the wall of the toe. The smaller 

 clip is at the outer part of the toe, close to the anterior margin 

 of the shoe. This shoe (fig. 401) is more ditiicult to fashion, 

 but when well made fits better than any other. To apply a 

 single shoe to the two claws would, of course, prevent the 

 natural movement of the parts. 



The fixing of the foot for shoeing is often very difficult. It 

 is first necessary to fasten the animal's head to a tree or wall. 

 The fore-foot is then secured with a broad piece of webbing, 

 which is thrown over the withers and held on tlie opposite 

 side. The hind-foot is lifted by means of a round piece of 

 wood thrust in front of one hock and above the other and 

 grasped by two men, or may be kept bent by applying a leg 

 twitch above the hock. Oxen may also be shod in an ox 



Fig. 401.— Voigtland shoe for oxen. 



travis — the foot being secured in a grooved wooden arm and 

 the ox's body supported by a sling. 



In places where many oxen are shod a travis is very useful 

 (fig. 402). This travis consists of four strong posts 11 

 feet high (of which o feet is firmly fixed in the earth) and 

 8 inches square {aa, hb), fastened 'together by longitudinal 

 and transverse stays {cc, d). In the middle of the two front 

 posts is the head post (c) of equal height and strength. Five 

 feet above the gTound this is provided witli an aperture, 4 

 inches broad and 20 high, in which revolves a pulley (i) ; below 

 this is a windlass {Ic) with ratchet and pawl for the purpose of 

 winding up the rope fastened round the animal's horns. Each 

 pair of posts have, on their front or back surface, a deep slot about 

 3 inches broad {n^ within which run two rails (o and^;), capable 



