ACTION OF SALTS. 181 



five-per-cent solution and in seventy minutes by a one-per-cent solu- 

 tion. Experiments made by the same author upon the sterilization 

 of faeces showed that 0. 5 per cent to one per cent could be relied upon 

 to destroy the typhoid bacillus or the cholera spirillum in faeces in 

 ten minutes. 



Chloral Hydrate; Antiseptic in the proportion of 1 : 107 (Mi- 

 quel). A twenty-per-cent solution destroys pus cocci in two hours 

 (Sternberg). 



Cupric Chloride. Antiseptic in the proportion of 1 1,428 

 (Miquel). 



Cupric Sulphate. Antiseptic in the proportion of 1 : 111 (Mi- 

 quel). Kills the cholera spirillum in the proportion of 1 : 3,000 in 

 ten minutes (Nicati and Bietsch). Destroys the cholera spirillum in 

 bouillon cultures in less than half an hour in 1 : 600, and in four 

 hours in 1 : 1,000 ; cultures in blood serum require 1 : 200 (Van Er- 

 mengem). A solution of 1 : 20 kills the typhoid bacillus in ten min- 

 utes (Leitz). This salt failed, in the writer's experiments, to kill the 

 spores of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus subtilis in two hours' time 

 in a twenty-per-cent solution. In Koch's experiments a five-per-cent 

 solution failed to kill anthrax spores in ten days. Kills pus micro- 

 cocci in two hours in the proportion of 1 : 200 (Sternberg). In Bol- 

 ton's experiments made for the Committee on Disinfectants of the 

 American Public Health Association the following results were ob- 

 tained: Recent cultures in bouillon, time of exposure two hours : Ba- 

 cillus of typhoid fever, 1 : 200; cholera spirillum, 1 : 500; Bacillus pyo- 

 cyanus, 1 :200; Brieger's bacillus, 1 :200; Emmerich's bacillus, 1 : 200; 

 Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, 1 : 100 ; Staphylococcus pyogenes 

 citreus, 1 : 100; Staphylococcus pyogenes albus, 1 : 200; Streptococcus 

 pyogenes, 1 : 500. When ten per cent of dried egg albumin was 

 added to a recent culture in bouillon of the typhoid bacillus the 

 amount required to insure sterilization was 1 : 10. 



In the report of the Committee on Disinfectants of the American 

 Public Health Association this agent is recommended in " a solu- 

 tion of two to five per cent for the destruction of infectious material 

 not containing spores." The experimental data above given show 

 that this is a liberal allowance for material which does not contain 

 an excessive amount of albumin. In the experiments of Leitz the 

 typhoid bacillus in cultures was destroyed in ten minutes by a five- 

 per-cent solution. 



Ferric Chloride. A five-per-cent solution failed in two days to 

 destroy anthrax spores, but was effective in five days (Koch). 



Ferrous Sulphate. In the writer's experiments (1883) a solution 

 of twenty per cent failed to destroy micrococci and putrefactive bac- 

 teria. In a more recent experiment ten per cent failed to kill pus 



