182 ACTION OF SALTS. 



cocci, but was fatal to Micrococcus tetragenus two hours' exposure. 

 Koch found that a five-per-cent solution failed to destroy anthrax 

 spores in six days. Exposure to a twenty-per-cent solution for forty- 

 eight hours does not destroy the virus of symptomatic anthrax (Ar- 

 loing, Cornevin, and Thomas). In the experiments of Jager immer- 

 sion in a solution of 1 : 3 destroyed the infective virulence of certain 

 pathogenic bacteria (fowl cholera, rothlauf, glanders), as tested by 

 injection into mice, but failed to kill anthrax spores and tubercle ba- 

 cilli. The antiseptic power of ferrous sulphate is placed by Miquel 

 at 1 : 90. In the writer's experiments 1 : 200 prevented the develop- 

 ment of micrococci and of putrefactive bacteria in bouillon placed 

 in the incubating oven for forty-eight hours. Leitz found that a 

 five-per-cent solution required three days' exposure for the destruc- 

 tion of the typhoid bacillus. 



Grold Chloride. Antiseptic in the proportion of 1 : 4, 000 (Miquel). 

 Boer has made extended experiments with the chloride of gold and 

 sodium. We give his results below. In his disinfection experi- 

 ments a bouillon culture which had been in the incubating oven for 

 twenty-four hours was used, and the time of exposure was two hours. 



Lead Chloride. Antiseptic in the proportion of 1 : 500 (Miquel). 



Lead Nitrate. Antiseptic in the proportion of 1 : 277 (Miquel). 



Lithium Chloride. Antiseptic in the proportion of 1 : 11 (Mi- 

 quel). 



Manganese Protochloride. Antiseptic in the proportion of 1:40 

 (Miquel). 



Mercuric Chloride. Koch's experiments (1881) gave the follow- 

 ing results : A solution of 1 : 1,000 destroys anthrax spores in a few 

 minutes, and 1 : 10,000 is effective after a more prolonged exposure. 

 The writer (1884) obtained similar results 1 : 10,000 destroyed the 

 spores of Bacillus anthracis and of Bacillus subtilis in two hours. 

 More recent experiments indicate that failure to grow in culture so- 

 lutions cannot be accepted as evidence of the destruction of vitality 

 in the case of spores 'exposed to the action of this agent, unless due 

 precautions are taken to exclude the restraining influence of the small 

 amount of mercuric chloride which remains attached to the spores. 

 Koch had ascertained that the development of spores is restrained by 



