ESSENTIAL OILS, ETC. 195 



essential oil for a certain time, and then making with it a puncture 

 in a suitable solid culture medium. Their results are given below 

 for the typhoid bacillus. 



Essences which kill the bacillus after a contact of less than 

 twenty-four hours: 



At the end of 



Cinnamon of Ceylon, . . . . .12 minutes. 



Cloves, ...... 25 



Eugenol, ....... 30 



Thyme, ...... 35 



Wild thyme, . . . . . ."35 



Verbena of India, ..... 45 



Geranium of France, . . . . .50 



Origanum, . . . .75 



Patchouly, . . . . .80 



Zedoary, . . . . . 2 hours. 



Absinthe, . . . . . . 4 " 



Sandal wood, . . . . . 12 



The following were effective in from twenty-four to forty-eight 

 hours: Cumin, caraway, juniper, matico, galbanum, valerian, citron, 

 angelica, celery, savin, copaiba, pepper, turpentine, opoponax, rose, 

 chamomile ; the following required from two to four days: Illicium, 

 sassafras, tuberose, coriander; the following from four to eight days: 

 Calamus, sage, fennel, mace, cascarilla, orange of Portugal; the fol- 

 lowing in eight to ten days : Mint, nutmeg, rosemary, carrot, mus- 

 tard, anise, onion, marjoram, bitter almonds, cherry laurel, myrtle, 

 lavender, eucalyptus, cedar, cajuput, wintergreen, camphor. 



Kiedlin reports as the result of his experiments that the essential 

 oils which have the greatest antiseptic value are oil of lavender, eu- 

 calyptus, rosemary, and cloves. 



Eucalyptol. Chabaunes and Ferret found that a five-per-cent 

 solution of eucalyptol is without effect upon tubercle bacilli in spu- 

 tum. According to Behring, eucalyptol is about four times less ac- 

 tive as a disinfectant than carbolic acid. 



Glycerin has no action upon the virus of symptomatic anthrax 

 (Arloing, Cornevin, and Thomas), and is inert as regards the spores 

 of anthrax (Koch). Glycerin prevents putrefactive decomposition in 

 bouillon when present in the proportion of 1: 4 (Miquel). Roux has 

 shown that the addition of five per cent of glycerin to a culture 

 medium is favorable to the growth of the tubercle bacillus ; it is also 

 appropriated as pabulum by various other species. 



Hydroxylamin. Heinisch found that the development of the 

 anthrax bacillus is prevented by 1:77 of hydroxylamin hydro- 

 chlorate, and of the diphtheria bacillus by 1 : 75. In these experi- 

 ments a solution of soda was added to release the hydroxylamin. 

 Marpmann found that 1 : 100 preserved milk without change for four 



