BACTERIA IN INFLUENZA. 371 



ferentmicrococci, one of which was pathogenic for dogs and horses and gave 

 rise to symptoms in these animals resembling those of influenza (see Micro- 

 coccus No. II. of Fischel, No. 39, page 324). 



Kirchner (1891) found constantly in the sputum of recent cases a diplo- 

 coccus enclosed in a jelly-like capsule, which differed in its biological and 

 pathological characters from Micrococcus pneumonias crouposae (see Micro- 

 coccus of Kirchner, No. 38, page 324). 



52. BACILLUS OP INFLUENZA. 



Discovered by Pfeiffer (1892) in the purulent bronchial secretion, 

 and by Canon in the blood of patients suffering from epidemic in- 

 fluenza. Pfeiffer found the bacillus in thirty-one cases examined by 

 him, and in uncomplicated cases it was present in the purulent bron- 

 chial secretion in immense numbers and in a pure culture. Canon, 

 whose independent observations were published at the same time, 

 examined the blood of twenty influenza patients in stained prepara- 

 tions, and found the same bacillus in nearly all of them. His method 

 of demonstrating it is as follows : 



The blood is spread upon clean glass covers in the usual way. 

 After the preparations are thoroughly dry they are placed in abso- 

 lute alcohol for five minutes. They are then transferred to the fol- 

 lowing staining solution (Czenzynke's) : concentrated aqueous solu- 

 tion of methylene blue, forty grammes ; one-half -per-cent solution of 

 eosin (dissolved in seventy-per-cent alcohol), twenty grammes ; dis- 

 tilled water, forty grammes. The cover glasses immersed in this 

 staining solution are placed in an incubating oven at 37 C. for from 

 three to six hours, after which they are washed with water, dried, 

 and mounted in balsam. In successful preparations the red blood 

 corpuscles are stained red by the eosin, and the leucocytes blue. The 

 bacillus is seen in these as a short rod, often resembling a diplococcus. 

 It is sometimes seen in large numbers, but usually only a few rods 

 are seen after a long search four to twenty in a single preparation. 

 In six cases it was found in numerous aggregations containing from 

 five to fifty bacilli each. In these cases the blood was drawn during 

 a fall of temperature or shortly after. 



Morphology. Very small bacilli, having about the same diameter 

 as the bacillus of mouse septicaemia, but only half as long. Solitary 

 or united in chains of three or four elements. 



Stains with difficulty with the basic aniline dyes best with 

 dilute ZiehPs solution, or Loffler's methylene blue solution, with heat. 

 The two ends of the bacilli are most deeply stained, causing them to 

 resemble diplococci. Pfeiffer says : " I am inclined to believe that 

 some of the earlier observers also saw the bacilli described by me, 

 but that, misled by their peculiar behavior with regard to staining 

 agents, they described them as diplococci or streptococci." Do not 

 stain by Gram's method. 



