IN SUSCEPTIBLE ANIMALS. 413 



According to Baumgarten, bacilli from Wildseuche or from Rinder- 

 seuche inoculated into swine give rise to fatal Schweineseuche, and 

 bacilli from any of these forms of disease, when inoculated into 

 pigeons, produce characteristic fowl cholera ; but the bacillus as ob- 

 tained from Schweineseuche or Wildseuche is not fatal to chickens, 

 and the bacillus from Schweineseuche is fatal to guinea-pigs, which 

 have but slight susceptibility to the bacillus of rabbit septicjemia. 

 Notwithstanding these differences he agrees with Hueppe in the view 

 that the bacilli from the various sources mentioned are specifically 

 identical ; although evidently, if this view is adopted, we must 

 admit that varieties exist which differ somewhat in their pathogenic 

 power. 



The researches of Smith and of Moore show that ' ' an attenuated 

 variety of bacteria, belonging to the group of swine-plague bacteria 

 and not distinguishable from them, inhabit the mouth and upper air 

 passages of such domesticated animals as cattle, dogs, and cats " 

 (Smith). 



62. BACILLUS OF CHOLERA IN DUCKS. 



Obtained by Coruil and Toupet (1888) from the blood of ducks, in the 

 Jardin d'Acclimation at Paris, which had died of an epidemic disease charac- 

 terized by diarrhoaa, feebleness, and muscular tremors, and which resulted 

 fatally in two or three days. 



Morphology. Does not differ in its morphology from the bacillus of 

 fowl cholera (Bacillus septicaemias hsemorrhagicae) ; short rods with rounded 

 ends, from 1 to 1.5 n in length and 0.5 /< broad. 



Stains with the usual aniline colors, but not by Gram's method ; the ends 

 stain more deeply than the central portion. 



Biological Characters. An aerobic, non-liquefying, non-motile bacillus. 

 Does not form spores. Grows in the usual culture media at the room tem- 

 perature. In its growth in various media, as well as in its morphology, Cornil 

 and Toupet found this bacillus to correspond with the bacillus of fowl 

 cholera. In gelatin stick cultures the growth upon the surface consists of a 

 thin, grayish layer, and along the line of puncture as small, semi-transpa- 

 rent, slightly yellowish, spherical colonies. Upon agar, in the incubating 

 oven, at the end of twelve hours small, lentil shaped, waxy colonies are 

 formed, which later may have a diameter of three to four millimetres. 

 Upon potato circular, yellowish colonies are formed, which become con- 

 fluent and form a somewhat depressed, pale-yellow layer. 



Pathogenesis. According to Cornil and Toupet, this bacillus is patho- 

 genic for ducks, but not for chickens or pigeons, and only kills rabbits when 

 injected in considerable quantity. Ducks die in from one to three days 

 from subcutaneous injections, or by the ingestion. of food to which the bacil- 

 lus has been added. 



63. BACILLUS OF HOG CHOLERA (Salmon and Smith). 



Synonyms. Bacillus of swine plague (Billings) ; Bacillus of swine- 

 pest (Selander). 



According to Smith, this bacillus was first described by Klein 

 (1S84) ; it was first obtained in pure cultures and its principal char- 

 acters determined by Salmon and Smith (1885), and has since been 



