518 BACTERIA IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES NOT PROVED 



patient was under observation, and in which there was no cystitis or 

 other symptoms that could be ascribed to the presence of this bacillus. 



In the extended researches of Rovsing thirty cases of cystitis 

 the following results were obtained : In one case diagnosed as cys- 

 titis no bacteria were found ; in three cases culture experiments gave 

 a negative result, but the tubercle bacillus was found in the urine by 

 microscopical examination in these cases the urine was strongly 

 acid ; in twenty-six cases the urine was ammoniacal, and in all of 

 these bacteria were found usually but a single species. All of these 

 grew in the usual culture media except the tubercle bacillus, which 

 in two cases was associated with some other species, and all pro- 

 duced alkaline fermentation in sterile urine when added to it in pure 

 cultures. The following species were found : Tubercle bacillus, 

 Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, Staphylococcus pyogenes albus, 

 Staphylococcus pyogenes citreus, Streptococcus pyogenes urese 

 (n. sp.), Diplococcus pyogenes urese (n. sp.), Coccobacillus pyogenes 

 ureas (n. sp.), Micrococcus pyogenes urese flavus (n. sp.), Diplococcus 

 urese trifoliatus (n. sp.), Streptococcus urese rugosus (n. sp.), Diplo- 

 coccus urese (n. sp.), Coccobacteria urese (n. sp.). 



Pure cultures of all of these species introduced into the bladder of 

 rabbits failed to induce cystitis, even when injected in considerable 

 quantities. But when retention of urine was effected artificially for 

 six to twelve hours, allowing time for ammoniacal fermentation to 

 occur, cystitis was developed. When the pyogenic species were in- 

 troduced under these circumstances a suppurative inflammation of 

 the mucous membrane occurred ; the non-pyogenic species caused a 

 catarrhal cystitis. Rovsing records the important fact, as bearing 

 upon the etiology of cystitis, that in twenty of the cases examined 

 the bladder had been invaded by the finger or by instruments prior 

 to the development of cystitis. 



Lundstrom (1890) isolated from alkaline urine obtained from 

 patients with cystitis two species of staphylococci Staphylococcus 

 urese candidus and Staphylococcus urese liquefaciens ; from albu- 

 minous, acid urine he obtained Streptococcus pyogenes. Krogius 

 obtained from the urine of individuals suffering from cystitis a 

 bacillus which he calls Urobacillus liquefaciens septicus. Schnitzler 

 (1890) found the same bacillus, or one very similar to it, in thirteen 

 out of twenty cases of purulent cystitis examined by him. In eight 

 of these cases it was obtained from the urine in pure cultures, and in 

 five it was associated with other bacteria. In twelve of these twenty 

 cases the cystitis resulted directly from catheterization ; in the others 

 it occurred in individuals suffering from stricture or from calculus. 



When cultures of this bacillus were injected into a vein in rab- 

 bits, the animals died in from three to eight days, and in every 



