TO BE DUE TO SPECIFIC MICROORGANISMS. 519 



instance an intense nephritis was observed at the autopsy twice 

 with the formation of small abscesses. The bacillus was found in 

 the blood and the organs generally. Injections into the bladder of 

 rabbits almost always gave rise to a severe purulent cystitis large 

 rabbits were selected and great care taken not to injure the mucous 

 membrane of the bladder. Schnitzler was not able to induce cystitis 

 in rabbits by injecting in the same way considerable quantities of a 

 culture of Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus. 



Guyon (1888) did not succeed in inducing cystitis by the injection 

 of pure cultures of various microorganisms into the bladder, unless 

 he at the same time produced an artificial retention of urine. His 

 experimental results are therefore in accord with those of Rovsing, 

 who found that without mechanical injury, or artificial retention 

 until ammomacal fermentation had occurred, no results followed his 

 injections into the bladder. 



DEXGUE. 



McLaughlin (1886) has claimed to find micrococci in the blood of pa- 

 tients suffering from dengue. No satisfactory evidence of their etiological 

 relation has been presented, and his observations have not yet been con- 

 firmed by other investigators. 



ECZEMA EPIZOOTICA. 



Synonym. Foot and mouth disease. 



This is an infectious disease of horned cattle, characterized by a vesicular 

 eruption in the mouth and about the feet. It affects also sheep and pigs 

 and may be communicated to man. 



Up to the present time no satisfactory demonstration has been made of 

 the specific infectious agent ; but Schottelius has recently (1892) described a 

 microorganism which he thinks may bear an etiological relation to the dis- 

 ease. His inoculation experiments do not, however, sustain this view, inas- 

 much as the characteristic vesicles were never developed in inoculated 

 calves, and experiments upon other animals gave a negative result. In 

 young cattle small doses (one cubic centimetre) of a bouillon culture gave 

 rise to a slight fever and loss of appetite, while larger doses produced an in- 

 tense fever, salivation, and great debility. But recovery occurred at the 

 end of five or six days without any aphthous eruption. Schottelius obtained 

 from the clear contents of the vesicles in the mouth various bacteria 

 which he believes to have been accidentally present. After making a con- 

 siderable number of culture experiments his attention was attracted by a 

 spherical microorganism, united in chains, which grew very slowly in the 

 ordinary culture media. This he describes as follows : 



The individual cells vary greatly in diameter, and are considerably larger 

 than known micrococci ; they are associated in longer or shorter chains, and 

 are endowed with active movements. According to Schottelius, they be- 

 long to the "gfrepfocflfat" rather than to the streptococci. They do not 

 stain readily with methylene blue, but may be stained with gentian violet 

 and by Gram's method. Development does not occur at temperatures below 

 37 to 39 C. The most suitable culture medium was found to be bouillon or 

 glycerin agar to which formate of soda had been added (amount ?). Growth 

 occurred in an atmosphere of COa as well as in atmospheric air. Upon 

 plates of nutrient agar containing glycerin and formate of soda at 37 C., 



