714 ADDITIONAL SPECIES OF 



more luxuriantly in nutrient gelatin made with sea water. Upon gelatin plates 

 colonies are developed in from twenty-four to thirty hours, which at first 

 are almost transparent; under a low power these are seen to be surrounded 

 by long, slender filaments which extend far out into the gelatin ; in its 

 further development the central portion of the colony extends and includes 

 the slender filaments, forming a round mass surrounded by little, thorn-like 

 projections ; liquefaction commences at the centre, causing a depression of 

 the colony ; in old colonies the liquefied gelatin has a grayish color and a 

 thin pellicle forms upon the surface ; below this swim flocculent masses, 

 and around the margins the thorny appearance is preserved. In gelatin 

 stick cultures containing sea water development is very rapid, and at the 

 end of twenty-four hours a funnel-shaped cavity, containing liquefied gelatin 

 which is clouded throughout, has been formed ; in the course of seventy 

 hours the gelatin is entirely liquefied and light, flocculent masses collect 

 in the lower portion of the tube, while upon the surface a thin pellicle is 

 formed which is easily broken up. Upon agar the development is abun- 

 dant, forming a moist, shining-white layer. In bouillon a dense cloudiness 

 is developed, and a thick and very resistant layer is formed upon the surface, 

 while a considerable deposit accumulates at the bottom of the tube. Upon 

 potato a thin, grayish-white layer is formed, which covers the greater part 

 of the surface. 



446. SPIRILLUM MARINUM (Russell). 



Obtained by Russell from mud at the bottom of the Gulf of Naples, and 

 from water from the same source ; not very abundant. 



Morphology. Bods which are usually more or less curved, like the 

 cholera spirillum ; usually in pairs, but several elements are sometimes 

 united to form a spiral filament ; the rods are sometimes straight. 



Stains with the usual aniline colors. 



Biological Characters. An aerobic, liquefying, actively motile spiril- 

 lum. Spore formation not observed. The movements are sometimes rotary, 

 and sometimes progressive without rotation. Grows in the usual culture 

 media at the room temperature, but not in the incubating oven; grows 

 better in media made without the addition of sea water. Upon gelatin plates 

 the colonies are first seen as round, granular masses, often presenting radial 

 striations. When liquefaction of the gelatin commences the colonies have 

 .a rougher appearance, and flocculent masses float in the shallow cavities 

 containing liquefied gelatin. In gelatin stick cultures development is very 

 rapid at first; the gelatin is liquefied and clouded, and a thin, semi-trans- 

 parent membrane forms upon the surface; later a stratum of liquefied gelatin 

 is seen above, while below the culture medium remains unaltered. Upon 

 agar the growth is luxuriant and forms a moist, white, pus-like layer. Upon 

 potato the growth is very characteristic ; at the end of twenty-four hours 

 a reddish-brown, sharply defined layer is developed, and the potato changes 

 its color in the vicinity of the line of inoculation ; the growth increases .in 

 dimensions and forms a thick, wax-like mass, which after a time covers the 

 greater portion of the surface ; it remains soft and does not penetrate the 

 potato, which gradually acquires a dark greenish-gray color. In bouillon 

 made with sea water development is abundant and causes the culture liquid 

 to be densely clouded; a smooth, white layer forms upon the surface. 



__447. BACILLUS LITORALIS (RuSSell). 



Obtained by Russell (1891) from mud at the bottom of the Gulf of Na- 

 ples, near the shore. 



Morphology. Bacilli two to four times as long as broad. 



Stains with Loffler's solution, but not by Gram's method. 



Biological Characters. An aerobic and facultative anaerobic, lique- 

 fying, motile bacillus. Spore formation not observed. Movements very 



