716 ADDITIONAL SPECIES OF 



448. BACILLUS HALOPHILUS (Russell). 



Obtained by Russell (1891) from water of the Gulf of Naples and from 

 mud from the bottom. 



Morphology, Recent cultures in nutrient gelatin made with sea water 

 contain bacilli of from 1.5 to 3.5 ju. in length and 0.7// broad; these are often 

 united in pairs. In older cultures the form quickly changes, and at the end 

 of two days cells resembling those of a torula "yeast-like" are seen; 

 these abnormal forms increase in number and variety as the culture becomes 

 older ; some contain a granular protoplasm, and some are so transparent as 

 to be easily overlooked. These cells, however, are motile and resemble 

 the so-called monads. The variability of form is still greater in ordinary 

 nutrient gelatin, which is a less favorable medium than gelatin made with 

 sea water. 



Stains with difficulty, and not at all with Loffler's solution; does not 

 stain by Gram's method; the protoplasm is irregularly stained by Ziehl's 

 solution, while fuchsin solution stains it feebly but homogeneously. 



Biological Characters. An aerobic, liquefying, actively motile bacil- 

 lus. Spore formation not observed. Grows slowly in the usual culture 

 media at the room temperature. In stick cultures in nutrient gelatin made 

 with sea water, at the end of twenty-four to thirty-six hours, punctiform 

 colonies are developed, which quickly coalesce ; liquefaction occurs along 

 the line of growth and gas is developed ; sometimes this is so abundant that 

 the liquefied gelatin is forced up over the surface of the culture as a foamy 

 mass ; later the liquefied gelatin becomes transparent, and a fine deposit is 

 seen at the bottom of the tube. In nutrient gelatin not made with sea wa- 

 ter the growth is considerably slower; at first a white line is seen, extending 

 only along a portion of the puncture; in the course of seventy hours a 

 slender cavity is formed as a result of slow liquefaction and evaporation ; 

 this gradually increases in length and gives to the cultures a characteristic 

 appearance. In plates made with sea- water gelatin, spherical, grayish- 

 white, semi-transparent colonies are developed; these cause liquefaction, 

 and by evaporation sharply defined, deep funnels are formed in the gelatin. 

 The cultures have a strongly alkaline reaction. 



449. BACILLUS CAPSULATUS MUCOSUS (Fasching). 



Obtained from the nasal secretion in two cases of influenza. 



Morphology. Bacilli from 3 to 4 ft long and 0.75 to 1 n thick, enveloped 

 in a capsule containing one to four individuals. 



Biological Characters. An aerobic and facultative anaerobic, non- 

 motile, non-liquefying bacillus. Does not form spores. Grows in the usual 

 culture media at 18 to 35 C. Upon gelatin plates circular, milk-white colo- 

 nies are developed ; these have a faint aromatic odor and are cupped upon 

 the upper surface ; they resemble drops of mucus about the size of a pin's head. 

 In stick cultures in gelatin a nail-like growth, like that of Friedlander's bacil- 

 lus, is seen, and there is a formation of gas. . 



Stains with the usual aniline colors, but not by Gram's method. 



Pathogenesis. White mice and field mice die from general infection in 

 from thirty-six to forty-eight hours after inoculation ; they also suffer from 

 conjunctivitis. Not pathogenic for rabbits or for pigeons. 



450. BACILLUS OF POTATO ROT (Kramer). 



Obtained by Kramer (1891) from potatoes affected with wet rot " Nass- 

 faue. 



Morphology. Bacilli with round ends, from 2.5 to 4 n long and 0.7 to 



