20 EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY 



needed for one day's work upon the table or where it is readily 

 accessible. 



Nothing should be done for the student which he can profitably 

 do for himself. A small class with less limited time may easily 

 construct much apparatus in the workshop. No class is so large 

 as to debar the members from the privilege of setting up, adjusting, 

 and readjusting all apparatus. 



Nothing should be told a student which he can readily find out 

 for himself. The function of the demonstrator is to guide the 

 student by questions and by hints to discover facts and to formulate 

 principles. Extended explanations on the part of the demonstrator 

 may instruct the student, but they do not educate him. 



Hints to the Students. It is a general principle that a student 

 gets out of a course what he puts into it, and with interest. If he 

 invests (1) intellectual capacity, (2) the spirit of inquiry and inves- 

 tigation, (3) the power of logical reasoning, and (4) the power to 

 formulate conclusions, he will promptly receive interest upon the 

 investment. Further, the greater the investment the greater the 

 rate of interest. This may seem inequitable, but it is inevitable. 



The value of taking full notes of laboratory experiments is unques- 

 tionable. The following hints regarding note-taking may be advan- 

 tageous : 



1. Make a careful description of each new instrument with which 

 you work. 



2. Formulate each problem definitely. 



3. Describe the means used in the solution of the problem. 



4. Enumerate the facts observed through the help of the means 

 employed. 



5. Seek for and note causes and interrelations of the facts as 

 far as possible. 



6. Differentiate the essential from the incidental. 



7. Formulate conclusions from the collected data. 



8. Make generalizations as far as they are justifiable. 



9. A good note-book should possess the following qualities: 



(a) It should be complete, containing an account of every problem 

 studied. 



(6) It should be full, containing a sufficient amount to guide 

 another in performing the same experiments and in verifying the 

 facts and conclusions noted. 



(c) It should be logically arranged. 



(d) It should be as neat and artistic as the student can make it 

 in the time which he can devote to it. 



