94 MANUAL OF NATUKAL HISTORY. 



spinous scales; caudal fin truncate or bilobed 

 swimming-bladder cellular. 



5. FAMILY. Amias (Amiidse). Form elongate 

 head rounded; hard buckler on lower jaw, 

 conical teeth on edges of jaw, and pavement- 

 like ones behind ; scales soft, without enamel, 

 flexible, and rounded ; no opercular accessory 

 gills ; no fulcra on fin-margins ; swimming- 

 bladder cellular. 



Y. ORDER TUFTED-GILL FISHES (Lophobranchii). 



Endo-skeleton partially ossified ; exo-skeleton ga- 

 noid; gills tufted; opercular aperture small; swim- 

 ming-bladder without air-duct. 



1. FAMILY. Pipe-Fishes (Syngnathidse). Body 



prolonged, slender, linear, or angulated ; snout 

 greatly prolonged, cylindrical ; mouth termi- 

 nal, vertical ; ventral fins absent ; caudal fin 

 wanting in some. 



2. FAMILY. Sea-Horses (Hippocampidse). Head 



and body compressed ; snout narrow, tubu- 

 lar ; mouth terminal ; pectorals small ; dorsal 

 single ; caudal fin wanting. 



3. FAMILY. Winged Sea-Horses (Pegasidse). Body 



broad, depressed ; snout suddenly contracted, 

 narrow, somewhat protractile; mouth ter- 

 minal, beneath; pectorals generally large; 

 caudal fin small. 



VI. ORDER. SOLDERED-JAW FISHES (Plectognathi). 



Endo-skeleton partially ossified ; exo-skeleton as 

 ganoid scales or spines ; maxillaries and pre-maxil- 



