212 MANUAL OF NATURAL HISTORY 



very long and slender ; head short, vertical ; 

 upper lip rounded, entire ; body rather ro- 

 bust ; wings large, delicate ; wing-covers and 

 wings deflexed in repose ; mandibles strongly 

 toothed ; ovipositor of female long, sword- 

 shaped ; tarsi 4-jointed, joints dilated and 

 obed. The chirping of the Grasshoppers is 

 produced, like that of the Crickets, by rub- 

 bing the bases of the wing-covers rapidly 

 together, these organs being furnished with 

 a round talc-like plate, and strong rough 

 ribs serving as a sort of drum. 

 6. FAMILY. Locusts (Locustidse). Antennae short, 

 filiform, cylindric ; ocelli three, distinct ; 

 upper lip notched on front edge ; jaws strong, 

 very much toothed; body robust, laterally 

 compressed ; wings and wing-covers de- 

 flexed in repose, the latter not furnished 

 with a talc-like plate for stridulation ; ovi- 

 positor short, not exserted ; tarsi 3-jointed. 

 Leap with great force ; flight continuous ; 

 associate in numbers. Herbivorous. The 

 noise made by the Locusts is produced dif- 

 ferently from that of the Crickets and 

 Grasshoppers, and is owing to the friction of 

 the hinder thighs against the sides of the 

 wing-covers. 



