MANUAL OF NATURAL HISTORY. 235 



pillar nearly cylindrical ; chrysalis girt round 

 the middle as well as attached by tail. 



1. Papilioninm. Anal edge of hind- wings 



hollowed or folded. 



2. Pierinoe. Anal edge of hind-wings pro- 



duced under abdomen, forming a kind of 

 gutter. 



2. FAMJLY. Simple -winged Butterflies (Helico- 



niidae). Antennae with club distinct, never 

 hooked at tip ; labial palpi with third joint 

 rudimentary or scaly ; all four wings elevated 

 in repose ; central cells of hind-wings closed ; 

 tibiae with only one pair of spurs at end ; 

 fore -legs shortened, unfitted fo-r walking, 

 small; tarsal claws large, with a long ap- 

 pendage on each side ; wings entire, often 

 long and narrow, sometimes nearly naked. 

 Caterpillar nearly cylindrical ; chrysalis sim- 

 ply suspended by tail. 



3. FAMILY. Tooth-winged Butterflies (Nympha- 



lidae). Antennae with club distinct, never 

 hooked at tip ; labial palpi with third joint 

 rudimentary or scaly ; all four wings ele- 

 vated in repose, central cell of hind-wings 

 open ; tibiae with only one pair of spurs at 

 end ; fore-legs shortened, unfitted for walk- 

 ing, visible and hairy, or small and conceal- 

 ed ; wings dentate, hinder grooved for abdo- 

 men ; tarsal claws with a brush or pulvillus. 

 Caterpillar nearly cylindrical ; chrysalis sim- 

 ply suspended by tail. 



