MANUAL OF NATURAL HISTORY. 393 



dicoccous or indehiscent. Natives of the Cape 

 of Good Hope. 



2. FAMILY. Witch - Hazels (Hamamelidaceae). 



Shrubs or small trees ; leaves alternate, 

 feather-veined, stipulate ; flowers small, some- 

 times unisexual; corolla imbricated; anthers 

 turned inwards, 2-celled, with deciduous 

 valves ; fruit capsular, 2-celled, dehiscence 

 loculicidal; seeds pendulous. Occur in North 

 America, Japan, China, Central Asia, Mada- 

 gascar, and Southern Africa. 



3. FAMILY. Dogwoods (Cornacese). Trees, shrubs, 



or herbs ; leaves mostly opposite, exstipulate ; 

 flowers capitate, umbellate, or corymbose ; co- 

 rolla valvate ; sepals, petals, and stamens four ; 

 anthers 2-celled ; fruit drupaceous, berried, 

 2-celled, crowned by limb of calyx ; seed 

 pendulous, solitary. Found in temperate 

 parts of Europe, Asia, and America. 



4. FAMILY. Ivy-Worts (Araliacese). Trees, shrubs, 



or herbs ; leaves alternate, exstipulate ; 

 flowers umbellate or capitate, pentamerous ; 

 corolla valvate ; anthers turned inwards, 

 dehiscence longitudinal ; ovary inferior, 2 or 

 more celled ; fruit mostly succulent, 2-15- 

 celled ; seeds pendulous. Occur both in tro- 

 pical and in cold climes. Among its mem- 

 bers are the common Ivy and other species 

 of Hedera. The Ginseng root of the Chinese 

 is yielded by a species of Panax. 



5. FAMILY. Umbellifers (Apiacese). Herbs, often 



3 5 



