404 MANUAL OF NATURAL HISTORY. 



fruit an achsenium; seed solitary, erect, 

 exalbuminous. One of the largest of the 

 natural families of plants ; divided by Be 

 Candolle into 1 Tubuliflorce, 2 Labiatiflorce, 

 and 3 Liguliflorce ; arrayed by Jussieu into 

 the following Sub-families, viz. : 



1. Cynarocephalce. Florets all tubular ; invo- 



lucre hard, conical, often spiny, 



2. Corymbiferce. Florets tubular in the centre, 



ligulate in the circumference ; involucre 

 hemispherical, leafy or scaly, seldom spiny. 



3. Cichoracece. Florets all ligulate. 



To which has been subsequently added, 



4. Bilabiatce. Florets divided into two lips. 

 Of these, the first two correspond to the Tubuli- 

 florce, the third to the Liguliflorce, and the fourth 

 to the Labiatiflorce. The distribution of composite 

 plants is very general, but does not follow any very 

 fixed law ; in northern climates they are shrubs, 

 but in warmer regions they are herbaceous, or even 

 arborescent. Cichoracece are more abundant in cold 

 climes, while Corymbiferce prefer warm countries ; 

 the Bilabiatce are mostly American. Among the 

 plants, &c., employed by man from this family are 

 Wormwood (Artemisia Absinthium), Southern- 

 wood (A. Abrotanum), Moxa (A. Moxa), Tansy 

 (Tanacetum vulgar e), Milfoil (Achillea millefolia), 

 Chamomile (Anthemis nobilis), Feverfew (Pyreth- 

 rum parthenium), Pellitory of Spain (Anacyclus 

 Pyrethrum), Leopard VBane (Arnica montana), 

 Elecampane (InulaHelenium), Jerusalem-Artichoke 



