MANUAL OF NATUKAL HISTORY. 451 



four times as many as the petals, monadel- 

 phous ; anthers 2-celled, with a long mem- 

 branous connective ; ovary 5-celled ; style 

 simple ; stigma 5-lobed ; fruit drupaceous, 

 5-celled ; seed with a membranous integu- 

 ment. Natives of tropical America. 



VII. ORDER. BERBERALS (Berberales). 



Flowers monodichlamydeous, unsymmetrical in 

 the ovary ; stamens definite ; placenta? sutural, pa- 

 rietal, or axile ; embryo enclosed in abundant, fleshy 

 albumen. 



1. FAMILY. Cyrillads (Cyrillacese). Shrubs ; leaves 



evergreen, exstipulate ; flowers usually race- 

 mose; calyx 4-5-partite ; petals five, distinct; 

 aestivation imbricated ; stamens 5-10 ; ovary 

 2-3-4-celled ; ovules pendulous ; placentae 

 axile ; style short ; stigmas with as many 

 lobes as there are cells in the ovary ; fruit 

 capsular and succulent, or drupaceous. Na- 

 tives of North America 



2. FAMILY. Placads (Olacacese). Trees or shrubs ; 



leaves alternate, exstipulate ; flowers small, 

 axillary, often fragrant ; calyx gamosepalous, 

 aestivation imbricate ; petals 3-6, aestivation 

 valvate ; stamens some fertile, some sterile, 

 the former 3-10, alternate with the petals, 

 the latter opposite the petals ; ovary 1-3-4- 

 celled ; ovules pendulous ; placentas axile ; 

 style filiform ; stigma simple ; fruit drupa- 

 ceous, indehiscent, often surrounded by the 



