MANUAL OF NATURAL HISTORY. 517 



I. ORDER. RUSH-LIKE GLUMALS (Skoinoidese). 

 Pistil simple ; ovules pendulous. 



1. FAMILY. Pipe-worts (Eriocaulacese). Herba- 



ceous ; leaves cellular, spongy, sheathing ; 

 flowers unisexual, capitate, bracteate, very 

 minute ; glumes two, unilateral, or three ; 

 stamens 2 - 6 ; anthers 2-celled ; ovary supe- 

 rior, 2 - 3-celled, surrounded by a 2 - 3-dentate 

 or lobed membranous tube ; ovules solitary ; 

 style very short ; stigmas 2 - 3 ; fruit capsu- 

 lar ; seeds pilose ; embryo terminal. Abun- 

 dant in tropical America and Australia, a 

 few occur in North America, and one in Scot- 

 land. 



2. FAMILY. Cord-rushes (Restiacese). Herbs or 



under-shrubs ; leaves narrow or none ; culms 

 naked or sheathed ; flowers in spikes, usually 

 unisexual ; glumes 2-6, seldom wanting ; 

 stamens 1 - 3 ; anthers generally 1 -celled ; 

 ovary 1 - 3-celled, cells monospermous ; styles 

 and stigmas two or more ; fruit capsular 

 or nucamentous ; seeds not pilose ; embryo 

 terminal. Inhabit woods and marshes in 

 South America, South Africa, and Australia. 



3. FAMILY. Bristle-worts (CentrolepidaceaB). Her- 



baceous ; leaves setaceous, sheathing ; scapes 

 filiform, naked ; flowers in a spathe ; glumes 

 one in front, or two opposite each other ; 

 palese 0, or one or two tender scales parallel 

 with the glumes; stamens 1-2; anther 1- 



