MANUAL OF NATURAL HISTORY. 581 



America, contain bones of various mammals, as Ele- 

 phants and Mammoths in Siberia and the North 

 of Europe, and the Mastodons and Megatheriums 

 of the New World. Among Cetaceous mammals, 

 which have been observed in alluvial silt, is a species 

 of Balcenoptera, seventy-two feet in length, em- 

 bedded in clay twenty feet above the highest tide- 

 mark at Alloa in Scotland, besides the bones of a 

 Narwhal, a Manatee, and species of Physeter and 

 Balcena. The remains of colossal Pachyderms are 

 frequently found buried in superficial alluvial de- 

 posits throughout Europe. The Mastodon, with 

 mammillated molar teeth, and without tusks in the 

 adult, resembled the elephant in form. The best 

 known fossil elephant is the Mammoth (ElepTias 

 primogenius). One of these huge Pachyderms was 

 found on the banks of the Lena, nine feet high and 

 sixteen feet long, and with large recurved tusks ; 

 the skin of this Siberian monster was not, however, 

 naked like that of the elephants of the present day, 

 but was covered with a shaggy woollen coat, to 

 guard against the cold of a northern climate. The 

 ElepTias Ganesa of the Sevalik hills must also have 

 been a quadruped of very formidable appearance. 

 Among the Sivalik mountains also formerly roamed 

 that immense Antelope-like creature the Sivathe- 

 rium, which was furnished with a nasal proboscis, 

 and four horns like those of a Giraffe ; here also are 

 entombed the remains of fossil Ruminants, Oxen, 

 and a gigantic species of Camel ; the Dremotherium 

 allied to the Cervidce, has been discovered in the 



