UNGULATA. 43 1 



the Swine and the true Ruminants, is the extinct group of the 

 Anoplotheridce, from the Lower Tertiary Rocks. The Anoplo- 

 theria (fig. 354) were slender in form, with long tails, and feet 

 terminated by two hoofed toes each, sometimes with small 

 accessory hoofs. The dentition consisted of six incisors in 

 each jaw, small canines not larger than the incisors, and seven 

 molars on each side, there being no interval or diastema be- 

 tween the molars and the canines. 



Fig. 354. Anoplotherium commune. Eocene Tertiary. 



There was thus a continuous series of teeth in each jaw, the 

 dental formula being 



i3=3; c-*=*- t im*=*i m ^-44. 

 3-3' i i' J 4-4' 3-3- 



The most important genera of this family are Anoplotherium 

 and Xiphodon of the Upper Eocene, Chalicotherium of the 

 Miocene, and Dichobune of the Middle Eocene ; but many less 

 important genera are known. 



RUMINANTIA. 



The last section of the Artiodactyle Ungulates is the great 

 and natural group of the Ruminantia, or Ruminant animals. 

 This section comprises the Oxen, Sheep, Antelopes, Giraffes, 

 Deer, Camels, &c., and is distinguished by the following char- 

 acters : 



The foot is what is called " cloven," consisting of a symmet- 

 rical pair of toes encased in hoofs, and looking as if produced 

 by the splitting into two equal parts of a single hoof. In addi- 

 tion to these functional toes, there are usually two smaller sup- 

 plementary hoofs placed at the back of the foot. The meta- 

 carpal bones of the two functional toes of the fore-limb, and 

 the metatarsal bones of the same toes of the hind-limb, coalesce 



