ENTOZOA IN THE URINARY ORGANS. 119 



canal, in the female ; but the others can only get 

 into the urinary organs through an accidental 

 opening, such as that of an abscess of the kidney, 

 communicating with the intestines. 



The peculiar characteristics of these worms are 

 sufficient to show their origin. When they occur in 

 the urine, it is necessary to ascertara the situation of 

 the injury by which they have penetrated the bladder. 

 The knowledge of the symptoms and progress of the 

 affection, the inspection of the matters discharged 

 from the urethra, the examination of the part by 

 means of a finger passed into the rectum, or of a 

 sound introduced into the bladder, and an injection 

 thrown into the latter organ, will form the means of 

 diagnosis. 



The treatment of the vesico-intestinal fistula 

 should be accompanied by the administration of an 

 anthelmintic, in order that the intestines may be 

 freed from the entozoa, whose passage into the fistula 

 might frustrate any plans adopted for its cure. The 

 use of injections of cold water into the bladder has 

 been attended with success. 



The hydatids which are occasionally found in 

 relation with the urinary organs will be described in 

 a future chapter. 



