INTRODUCTION 9 



experimental data directly obtained from the higher animals ; it 

 utilises the data derived from pathological observations, which not 

 seldom have a value comparable with that of experiments on 

 animals ; and it dwells with special insistence on such theories as 

 have received or may receive an application to hygiene or preven- 

 tive medicine, and to clinical or curative medicine. 



Such essentially practical objects are dealt with in this Text- 

 book, which aims at bringing the latest advances in science 

 within reach of all who are working at medicine and at physical 

 and psychological science, and seeks at the same time to equip 

 the younger students, as adequately as may be, with that knowledge 

 of Physiology which lies at the foundation of all scientific culture 

 and education. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



The following list comprises only such classical Treatises on Physiology as 

 will be of most use to students in following the historical development of any 

 given physiological question : 



CLAUDIUS GALENUS. De usu partium corporis humani. Lib. xvii. 



A DE HALLER. Elementa physiologiae corporis humani, 1757-66. Auctarium, 



1780. 

 JOH. MULLER. Handbuch d. Physiologic des Menschen. 4th ed. Coblenz, 1844. 



(French translation with Littre's note. Paris, 1857.) 

 H. MILNE-EDWARDS. Lecons sur la physiologic et 1'anatomie comparee. Paris, 



1857-86. 



F. A. LONGET. Traite de physiologie. Leipzig, 1879-81. 

 L. HERMANN. Handbuch d. Physiologie. Leipzig, 1879-81. 

 E. A. SCHAFER. Text-book of Physiology. Edinburgh and London, 1898-1900. 

 W. NAGEL. Handbuch d. Physiologie des Menschen. Brunswick (in course of 



publication). 

 H. BEAUNIS and V. ADUCCO. Elementi di fisiologia umana, comprendenti i 



principii di fisiologia comparata e di fisiologia generale. Turin (in course of 



publication). 



