IV 



DIGESTION IN THE INTESTINE 



241 



kept in a bath of warm saline). In this way they were able to 

 make a more exact analysis of the rhythmical movements 

 traced in the preceding figure (which probably correspond with 

 the pendular movements described by van Braam-Houckgeest) 

 and of the so-called peristaltic movements. 



The most convenient way of recording the intestinal movements is by 

 the exploring rubber balloon, described above, which has been employed by 



Q/M 



FIG. 78. Diagram of enterograph. (Bayliss and Starling.) a, a, brass plate, in which two steel 

 needles 6, c are fixed in a slot ; b can be shifted nearer to or farther from c by loosening its 

 fixing screw ; c is prolonged through the slot, and revolves round the axis d, d. The upper 

 end of c is fastened by a thread to the disc on the rubber of the tambour e, which communi- 

 cates by a tube /with a piston recorder. The lower ends of b and c are pierced with holes. 

 Through these holes pass fine threads which are carried by a needle through the outer layers 

 of the intestinal wall, and fastened. The muscle fibres running from b to c can only contract 

 by pulling c towards 6. This causes a movement of the upper end of c in the opposite direc- 

 tion, and a consequent pull on the membrane of the tambour, which is registered by the 

 piston recorder. The distance of e from c and the tension on the muscle fibres between b and 

 c can be regulated by means of the screw x. 



various experimenters (Openchowski, Mislawski, Bunch, Courtade and 

 Guyon, etc.). This method, however, can only record the state of activity or 

 rest of the circular coat of the intestine. 



In many cases it is advantageous to record the intestinal movements 

 without introducing any foreign body into the gut. With this object Bayliss 

 and Starling invented the instrument called the enterograph, as shown in 

 Fig. 78. Two separate eiiterographs may be fixed at right angles to one 

 another at the same point, so that one lever acts in the longitudinal, the 

 other in the transverse direction, in relation to^ the intestine, as shown in 



VOL. II R 



