Implements and Artefacts of the North-east Greenlanders. 435 



terial used in making the implements; it shows evident traces of 

 hard wear, the grinding surface being hollowed out. 



Of the specimens shown, Nos. 1 4, 6, 11 and 12 are from Rype- 

 fjeldet; 13, 11 and 6 (L. 399296) being from the houses 52224, 

 No. 4 (L. 3953) from house 528 l and 12 (L. 3973) from house 527. 

 Nos. 5 and 7, (L. 3470 and 3428) are from Renskaeret, houses 132 and 

 131. No. 8 (L. 3840) is from the camping ground 37691 at Storm- 

 nxs. 1 Nos. 9 10 (L. 3642 and 3647) are from the winter houses on 

 the east shore of Stormbugt 3 ; 9 was found in house 319. No. 13 

 (L. 3387) lastly was found at Cape Bismarck. 



Axes. 



The Eskimo axe is of the transverse or adze type, the direction 

 of the edge lying at right angles to the handle. So firmly is this 

 system adhered to, that we may find iron axe-heads of the ordinary 

 European type, with longitudinal socket, fixed by the Eskimos at 

 right angles to the haft. 4 In West Greenland, a carpenter's chisel is 

 generally used to replace the original native blade. 



The blade was generally of bone, with a stone edge set in a 

 groove at the fore end, the axe thus consisting of three parts; haft, 

 blade and edge. The blade and edge can, however, be fashioned in 

 one piece, either of stone 5 or of bone 6 . 



Mention has already been made 7 of two axe-heads from Eskimo- 

 nsesset (PI. X, 1011) of which the one (PI. X, 11) is made entirely 

 of bone, with no particular adaptation for attachment to the haft, 

 beyond a slight roughening of the surface midway down the back. 

 The other is of the type more commonly found, grooved in front 

 for insertion of an edge, narrowed down laterally, and flattened on 

 the underside for lashing to the haft, the blade being invariably laid 

 directly against the end of the haft and lashed fast. 



From West Greenland, we have from older limes axe-heads 



1 In this house was found another whetstone (L. 3952), flat, irregular, almost tri- 

 angular in shape. 



2 At the same place, under a stone at "the wolf trap" (Cf. THOSTRUP p. 275) was 

 found a stone (L. 3841) quadrilateral in section, with faces clearly intended for 

 rubbing down or grinding 7-1 x 4-9 cm., 36 cm. thick. 



3 From the same locality (Tent 330) is also L. 3685, 6-7 cm. long, 2 cm. broad. 



4 Cf. MURDOCH I, p. 165-166, Fig. 128129. At Point Barrow, however, pickaxes 

 are also found, (p. 303, Fig. 304) hardly without European influence. 



6 Only among the Western Eskimos: NELSON PL XXXIX 3, 11, 13; MURDOCH I, 

 p. 168, Fig. 132. 



6 MURDOCH I, p. 172, Fig. 142; BOAS III, p. 71, Fig. 92 and p. 416, Fig. 214. 



7 Cf. pp. 37273. 



