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in the houses, and live much out doors. The out-door temperature and 

 the temperature inside the house are not much different. In the house 

 it is cooler on a very warm day and warmer on a cool day, but the dif- 

 ference would rarely exceed eight or ten degrees either way. 



In winter, if the house is to be kept at a much higher temperature 

 compared with the out-door atmosphere than at other seasons, the house 

 must be shut up, and there must be no free and rapid circulation of air 

 between the exterior and interior, except when the out-door temperature 

 is high ; for free circulation of air when the outer temperature is low 

 will reduce the temperature in the house to within eight or ten degrees 

 of the outside temperature, and if the outside temperature is zero, or 

 ten, twenty or more degrees below, this makes the inside colder than, on 

 the theory that the house should be kept warm, is advisable. 



Building used in J. H. Robinson's First Cold Poultry House Experiment. 



To keep the temperature in the house up as high as required by this 

 theory of housing, the house must either be kept shut so close that the 

 heat from the fowls keeps up the temperature, or must be heated artifi- 

 cially. 



Artificial heating in houses for laying stock has been tried many times, 

 but generally discarded as unsatisfactory, and not giving returns to 

 justify the expense. In central New York some of the large egg farmers 

 who use S. C. White Leghorns to produce eggs for the New York city 

 market keep stoves in their houses, but I know of nowhere else where 

 it is generally done. 



When a house is kept shut close enough to keep the temperature up 

 by the heat from the fowls, proper ventilation becomes at times impossi- 

 ble. Under some conditions the house cannot be kept warm with the 

 heat from this source, and at the same time the air in it renewed as 

 often as it should be. When only the nights are cold, or occasionally 



