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the winter season. If it were only possible to get fanners to realize that 

 it is not at all necessary to have expensive quarters in order to get the 

 best results, we should hear of more successes and less of failures. Neat, 

 well-arranged quarters are to be advocated; but something of a more 

 primitive nature is preferable to a heavy debt at the start. Let the idea 

 of perfect comfort predominate in every arrangement that is made. 



As farrowing time approaches, be sure the sow is in a pen with a good 

 strong rail or plank around the sides, standing out some fifteen inches, 

 and a foot from the floor. A careless mother will lose some pigs, the 

 best you can do. Should the sow be cross, remove the pigs as they come, 

 to some very dry and warm receptacle. About as good and convenient 

 an arrangement as can be made is to fill a large can with hot water; 

 stand it in the middle of a box, wrap about it enough bags or old blankets 

 so the pigs will not be in danger from burning, and let the little fellows 

 occupj' this till the sow takes them good naturedly, which perhaps may 

 be after two or three have been born, perhaps not till she is through, and 

 in extreme cases in three or four days. After a reasonable time the 

 young ones must have some nourishment, and the sow must be carefully 

 placed on her side and held down till the youngsters have filled them- 

 selves. INIany advocate the idea of not feeding the sow till the pigs are 

 twenty-four hours old ; and the plan works all right, but a little warm 

 water to drink will do no harm, (ireat care should be taken not to over- 

 feed the sow for the first two weeks. 



Arrangement of Plant. 

 If the business goes well, many farmers will feel encouraged to con- 

 tinue, and the question of a well-arranged plant will come up for con- 

 sideration. Opinions will diff'er as to which is the better, all things 

 considered, — one or two very long buildings, or a number of smaller 

 ones sj'stematically arranged, so the effect when viewed from a distance 

 will be pleasing. Both plans have their advantages, and both can be 

 managed successfully. The colony of small buildings has the advantage 

 if disease of any kind breaks out, because at the start probably not more 

 than one lot would be affected, and I consider this isolation of great 

 value. The work of caring for a herd of any size would be less in a long 

 building ; still, there would not be very much difterence with either sys- 

 tem well started. Buildings of any considerable magnitude would refer 

 to the winter management of the stock. In case a long building is 

 thought best, arrange the pens on each side of an alleyway six feet wide, 

 with a track in the middle for a swill tank. The pens should be about 

 ten feet square, though all these dimensions can be changed to suit the 

 fancy of the owner. The floor can be of any material, but the most satis- 

 factory 1 have tried is to pave with brick. Second-hand brick are all 

 right, and sometimes can be gotten for the asking. In cold Aveather 

 enough bedding must be used to keep the animals off the floor. The 

 hoof of the hog is ver}' sharp, and will cut through concrete floors in a 

 very short time. Plank floors must be replaced too often. If the small 

 buildings are thought to be preferable, about ten by sixteen feet, with 



