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the modern idea. These are all right if properly constructed and the 

 owner can afford them. But the man with the stable in the fir.^^t floor of 

 the hay barn, with a cellar underneath, thus combining under one roof, 

 saving expense and labor, need not "give up the ghost" as far as the 

 production of clean milk is concerned. If he will keep effluvia reduced 

 to lowest terras and out of the stable, and dirt out of milk by adopting 

 the best known methods of milking, and take his milk at once from the 

 stable upon drawing, remembering that whether his milk is clean or not 

 depends upon him and not upon his wealth or costlj" buildings or upon 

 extravagances or luxuries of any kind, he will meet with success. It is 

 a great mistake to copy after wealthy fancy farmers any costly or un- 

 necessary device Many a man has kept himself poor by so doing. As 

 an illustration of what can be done by confining oneself to essentials, 

 I cite the following instarice. 



There is in this State a barn that accommodates some 30 head of cattle, 

 costing not over $1,250 above the foundation, constructed with the utmost 

 care as to economy and utilizing to the very best advantage everj- foot 

 of space, one roof covering hay, carriage room and stable, horses and 

 cows kept together in a stable always warm, never too cold in winter or 

 too hot in summer, never damp, always sweet, even though hogs run 

 upon the manure in the barn cellar. The walls of this stable are double 

 and provided with the King system of ventilation, thus insuring good air 

 and at the same time warmth. The room is exposed on three sides and 

 is abundantly supplied with windows, double for winter, and with fly 

 screens in summer. Even the milk room is under the same roof, but it 

 is so far separated from the stable that no odors can reach it If all the 

 farmers of the Commonwealth should use as much common sense, 

 vigilance and care as this man they could make the best of milk and at 

 the same time, with a slight increase in price, a fair living. The product 

 of this farm is cream, the skimmed milk being fed out upon the premises 

 and the land improved in fertility from year to year. These ideas are 

 applicable to almost any stable in the average barn, and at no great cost. 



Forty or fifty years ago the barns were perfectly ventilated with half- 

 inch cracks betvveen the boards, but too cold to make milk in economic- 

 ally. Farmers were advised to reboard the barns with matched boards 

 and then inclose the stables, making them air tight, and not to turn their 

 cows out to water, and even to warm the water. Result, vitiated air, no 

 exercise for cattle, debility and tuberculosis. This caused great financial 

 loss to the farmers and the expenditure of hundreds of thousands of 

 dollars by the State to eradicate the disease thus engendered. Next, 

 farmers were advised to build stables large enough to furnish certain 

 air space per cow, and these often proved to be too cold in winter, too 

 warm in summer and sometimes too damp when closed. It is admitted 

 that such stables need not have these faults provided they are properly 

 constructed. These changes have all been costly, and those who have 

 managed to live through them, financially and otherwise, can hardly be 

 blamed if they are inclined to go a little slow along the line of further 

 outlay. , 



