36 HAMPSHIRE, FRANliLIN AND 



and patience ; it must have three of a deer, — head, legs, and 

 skin ; it must have three of a wolf, — throat, neck, and hear- 

 ing; it must have three of a fox, — ear, tail, and trot; three of 

 a serpent, — memory, sight, and flexibility ; and, lastly, three of 

 the hare, — running, walking, and perseverance." 



The whole number of horses, entered for premium, was 78 

 stallions; 11 pair of horses for labor; 23 geldings; 5 breeding 

 mares, with specimens of their stock by their side ; 12 three 

 years old colts, and 1 1 two years old colts. 



JAMES W. BOYDEN, Chairman. 



Ploughing. 



The object of ploughing is two-fold : — First, to invert the 

 surface, so as to cover up all green and other undecayed vege- 

 table matter ; and second, to pulverize the soil, in order to 

 bring the particles into different juxtaposition, that fresh decom- 

 position may be excited, thereby generating new food for the 

 plants, and also to render the soil pervious to air, light, heat, 

 and moisture, which is necessary to vegetable growth. The 

 plough and the ploughing, which accomplish these objects the 

 most thoroughly, are, of course, the best. 



The complete inversion of the sod was the principal thing 

 first sought in the plough. This has been accomplished in all 

 the perfection, perhaps, that is desired. But, although the turf 

 may be handsomely turned over, if it is left in its former hard 

 and stubborn state, it is poorly prepared for planting. The soil 

 must be pulverized. Of late years, public attention has been 

 directed to this particular, in the construction of ploughs. 

 Science and skill have accomplished much in this respect ; they 

 have arrived nearly, if not quite, to the perfection of spade 

 husbandry. The modern plough certainly inverts the sod bet- 

 ter than the spade ; and perhaps it is not far from the truth to 

 say, that a plough of the best construction, pulverizes the soil 



