38 



season, about ten days apart, with kerosene emulsion or Bowker's 

 Insect Emulsion should be sufficient to keep this insect under 

 entire control. Kerosene emulsion is made as follows : ^ pound 

 bard soap, shaved fine, 1 gallon soft water, 2 gallons kerosene. 

 Dissolve the soap in the water, which should be boiling ; remove 

 from the fire and pour it into the kerosene while hot. Churn this 

 with a spray pump till it changes to a creamy, then to a soft, 

 butter-like mass. Keep this as a stock, using one part in nine of 

 water. 



Bowker's Insect Emulsion comes ready prepared, needing only 

 to be mixed with water, and is therefore convenient for those who 

 do not wish to prepare the kerosene emulsion for themselves. 



The Scurfy Scale. 

 ( Ch ionaspis furfura Fitch. ) 



This is also a common scale in the United States though it is 

 apparently less common in Massachusetts than farther south. 



The female is somewhat 

 smaller than that of the 

 oyster-shell scale, but is 

 broader and of a dirty 

 white color (Fig. 4, a and 

 c). The male scale (Fig. 

 4, h and d) is much smaller 

 and narrower. 



This insect, like the last, 

 lays eggs beneath the scale 

 in the fall. These eggs, 

 which are from ten to 

 seventy-five in number, are 

 purplish in color and hatch 

 about the first of June into 

 purplish young, which crawl 

 about, as do those of the 

 oyster-shell scale, for a few days before settling down to feed. 

 The remainder of the life history is similar to that of the last- 

 named insect, and the treatment for both is the same. 



The scurfy scale occurs on the apple, pear, quince, peach, cur- 

 rant, Japan quince, mountain ash and many other plants, but is 

 not generally so abundant as to endanger the life of the plant. 



Fig. 4. — fcicurfy scale: «, female, b, male scales 

 natural size on twigs; c, female scales, much en- 

 larged; d, male scale, much enlarged. (Howard, 

 U. 8. Dept. Agr., Yearbook, 1S94.) 



