BIENNIAL AND PERENNIAL FLOWERS. 27 



from cool to temperate, and from that to warm weather, 

 is effected to that .degree as to enable all the various species 

 of plants, collected from every climate and soil under the 

 Sun, to reward the industrious cultivator, by a gradual exhi- 

 bition of their fascinating blossoms, and a distribution of their 

 odoriferous sweets, throughout the three propitious seasons 

 of the year, i.e. Spring, Summer and Autumn. 



In designating Biennials from the Perennials, I have only 

 marked such as are apt to die after once blossoming, and 

 which can only be renewed from seed. Some of those spe- 

 cies, frequently classed with Biennials, as Aquilegia or 

 Columbines, Dianthus, &c. are in reality Perennial, and 

 may be easily perpetuated from year to year, by suckers, 

 layers, or any of the ordinary methods of propagation ; and 

 here I would observe, that frequent renewal of the roots of 

 Perennials, is absolutely necessary to their prosperity or very 

 existence ; and also that many species, are by nature best 

 adapted for propagation at the footstalks, from their yielding 

 little or no seed at the top of the plant. This is particularly 

 the case with choice double-flowering plants, the roots of 

 which, in many cases, constitute the seed ; these conse- 

 quently must be perpetuated by root offsets, cuttings, &c. 



The annexed Catalogue embraces a great proportion of 

 the most desirable of what are termed fibrous-rooted herba- 

 ceous plants ; the seed or roots of which may be obtained at 

 Seed Stores and Nurseries, The estimated height applies 

 to plants of a year's growth ; some will arrive to more than 

 three times that height when cultivated in a greenhouse, and 

 even in open ground culture the same plants will vary con- 

 siderably, according to the soil or situation in which they 

 are grown ; the specified height however, although una- 

 voidably imperfect, may serve as a guide to the gardener in 

 arranging his flower beds. Those marked thus,-)- being ten- 

 der, and half hardy will need protection in the Winter : those 

 marked thus, || are Biennial : those marked thus, * yield 

 little or no seed. There are also many other species of which 



