PHYSICAL CHARACTERS IN MAN loi 



(13 cases) and none of the daughters (it cases) and 

 following the Y chromosome. In Hurlin's family, 

 mentioned above, the webbing was longer on the 

 left foot and was exhibited in both sexes. In three 

 other families, by Pfitzner, Wolff, and Wile, the 

 character also appears to be a simple dominant. 



Sometimes syndactyly and polydactyl}^ appear in 

 the same family, as in the family described by 

 Manson (191 5). This family originated from one 

 William Joseph, born in Aberystwyth about the 

 beginning of the nineteenth centur3^ He had webbing 

 of the third and fourth fingers of his hands, and six 

 toes on each foot, and was probably homozygous for 

 this condition, since his nine children all had it. 

 They married normals, and had a total of eighteen 

 children affected, eighteen normal, four doubtful. 

 In only three descendants is the abnormality com- 

 plete in all four limbs. One, two, or three limbs may 

 escape. Skiagraphs show incomplete polydact^dism 

 in some cases. There is considerable variation in the 

 condition, but skiagraphs show clearly that the fourth 

 digit of the hands and feet is consistenth^ affected 

 by complete or partial reduplication. Another poly- 

 dactylous family is described by Atwood and Pond 



(1917)- . _ 



Many data concerning hyperdact}^}' are given in 



a paper by Ballowitz (1904). Records of extra 



fingers and toes are known not only in " Caucasians," 



but also in Negroes, Arabs, Chinese, and Amerindians 



(North American Indians). Most frequenth^ only an 



extra terminal phalanx is present, but six-fingered 



men have been known from the earliest times. In 



the Bible (2 Sam. xxi. 20) a " giant " is mentioned 



who had six fingers on each hand and six toes on 



each foot. He was one of four men of exceptional 



stature — sons of a giant. Pliny referred to hexa- 



dactylous persons as Sedigiti. Anne Boleyn, the 



