THE LIMITS OF HEREDITY 193 



malformations. Windle cites numerous instances 

 from the literature, including two cases of twins, both 

 showing hypospadias; (3) one pair with hermaphro- 

 ditismus masculinus ; (4) one with occipital meningo- 

 celes* of the same size, and hypospadias as well; 

 (5) one of spina bifida ;t (6) occipital meningocele with 

 the upper and low extremities one-quarter their normal 

 length (considered phocomeliaj) ; (7) anencephali 

 (without a brain), the palates 1 also having a deep 

 longitudinal furrow; (8) male twnns, both with right- 

 sided congenital hydrocele ;§ (9) twins with cyclopia 

 (one median eye); (10) twin girls with abnormally 

 developed sex organs, christened as boys; (11) twins 

 with six digits on hands and feet (in one amnion) ; 

 (12) twins with a supernumerary pollex (thumb) on 

 the right hand; (13) one twdn with six fingers, the 

 other with six fingers and six toes; (14) twans with 

 a sternalis muscle, the mother also having one; 

 (15) twins with a remarkable conformation of the left 

 parietal bone; (16) cited b}^ Galton, a pair of twins 

 with slight congenital flexure of one of the joints of 

 the little finger. The condition was inherited from 

 a grandmother, but neither parents nor sisters nor 

 brothers show any trace of it. (17) Twins with a 

 peculiar way of bending their fingers. There is a 

 faint tendency to the same peculiarity in the mother, 

 but in no other member of the family. (18) Cited 

 b}^ Darwin, twins with a crooked little finger, but 

 no know^n family tendency to this peculiarity. 



* Hernial protrusion in the occipital region of the three 

 membranes surrounding the spinal cord. 

 t Congenital cleft of the vertebral column. 

 j A condition with hands and feet, but no arms or legs. 

 § A collection of fluid, occurring especially in the scrotum. 



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