SOCIAL AND WORLD ASPECTS 219 



Glands Regulating Personality. The qualities con- 

 stituting personality have long eluded analysis. In 

 the Middle Ages the problem was viewed as one 

 of humours in the blood, giving rise to a bilious, 

 lymphatic, nervous, or sanguine temperament. If 

 personalities are determined by the quantities of 

 various hormones poured into the blood by the 

 endocrine glands, then the old conventional view 

 was not so very far wrong after all, although, of course, 

 the views of the Middle Ages had no such definiteness 

 It is not improbable, as Berman holds, that each 

 individual has inherited a certain constellation of 

 endocrine activities, but it seems likely that he has 

 exaggerated their all-importance in the determination 

 of the personality. He recognises three types of 

 personality, thyroid-centred, pituitary-centred, and 

 adrenal-centred, regarding all personalities as com- 

 binations of these. Each of the three t^'pes, he says, 

 is " stamped with a significant figure, height, skin, 

 hair, temperament, ambition, social reactions, and 

 predisposition to certain diseases." Individual facial 

 types are also regarded as the expression of endocrine 

 differences. Whether the forehead is broad or narrow, 

 the distance between the e3"es great or small, the 

 character of the eyebrows, the shape, size, and 

 appearance of the eyes, the mould of nose and jaws, 

 and peculiarities of the teeth — all are regarded as 

 determined by hormone differences. Indeed, the 

 individual is looked upon as a complicated pattern of 

 designs traced by the hormones. Onl}' after a further 

 analysis of the relation of hormones to the hereditary 

 determiners which produce fixed quantitative dif- 

 ferences in their activities can it be determined 

 whether such a view is too extreme. It has to be 

 remembered, in any case, that differences in the 

 nervous system are also inherited. 



Shelley's face is characterised b}' Berman as hypo- 



