220 HEREDITY AND EUGENICS 



thyroid, with its oval shape, dehcate features, wide, 

 high brow, large, proininent, and vivacious eyes, and 

 sensitive lips. A hyperpituitar}^ face, on the other 

 hand, is distinguished by its low and narrow shape, 

 square protruding jaw, high, thin, straight nose, 

 marked cheek-bones and eyebrow^s ; while a subpitui- 

 tary face is round with receding chin, fat cheeks, and 

 broader and flatter nose. The physiognomy and 

 character of various men are also analysed in terms 

 of internal secretions. Napoleon and Nietzsche are 

 regarded as pituitocentric, Darwin as a neurasthenic, 

 pituitocentric genius, Caesar as a pituitocentric 

 epileptic with too much adrenal and post-pituitary^ 

 secretion. This method seems at present something 

 like the older phrenology, where much latitude was 

 left to the imagination. But it seems clear that 

 various differences in endocrine activity are inherited, 

 and with further knowledge this may form a satis- 

 factory basis for the analysis of personahties and 

 their inheritance. It is eas}- to understand that if 

 a personality is in part determined by the relative 

 activity of several endocrine glands, these being in 

 turn determined by various factors or genes located 

 in different chromosomes of the germ plasm, then the 

 recombinations of such factors in later generations 

 would give a complicated situation very difficult to 

 analyse, but one in which various elements of 

 personalit}^ might still be said to be inherited. Even 

 if the personality depended entirely upon shifting 

 cross-currents of hormone control, it would be 

 extremely difficult to investigate the inheritance of 

 the germinal factors w^hich, in turn, determined plus 

 or minus variations in the activities of the various 

 endocrine glands, because each gland produces many 

 effects, and some of these effects overlap or reinforce 

 each other. If the hormone view of personality has 

 any sound basis, then each personality, both in 



