228 HEREDITY AND EUGENICS 



serious problem. Inter-crossing between races more 

 remotely related, especiall}' when one is primitive 

 and the other advanced, immediately involve prob- 

 lems of the utmost difficulty — problems which may 

 be said to have arisen seriously onl}^ in modern times. 

 These problems require study in three separate 

 aspects : (i) In crosses between primitive races; (2) in 

 crosses between a primitive and an advanced race ; 

 (3) in crosses between advanced races. In each case 

 the results of the particular cross must be taken into 

 account. For instance, crosses between Europeans 

 and Bantu peoples might be undesirable from am^ 

 point of view, while marriages between Europeans 

 and Polynesians might conceivably- produce a more 

 felicitous result. 



Wallace (Alalay Archipelago, p. 335) states that 

 *' Everywhere in the East where the Portuguese 

 have mixed with the native races the}- have become 

 darker in colour than either of the parent stocks"; 

 but that " the reverse is the case in South America, 

 where the mixture of the Portuguese or Brazilian 

 with the Indian produces the ' Mameluco,' who is not 

 unfrequently lighter than either parent, and always 

 lighter than the Indian." Such results might be 

 expected if skin colour were controlled by differences 

 in the activity of various endocrine glands. 



Very few serious studies of the results of racial 

 crossing have been made, and probably no field of 

 anthropology could be more profitably explored at the 

 present time. The Pitcairn and Norfolk Islanders 

 w-ould form a valuable basis for such a study. They 

 are descended from ten English sailors, who mutinied 

 in a voyage to Tahiti in 1788, and with eighteen 

 native Polynesians (six men and twelve women) 

 formed a colony on the little island of Pitcairn. In 

 1856 the resulting population of 200 overflowed to 

 Norfolk Island, and the descendants of this crossed 



