170 HEREDITY IN RELATION TO EUGENICS 



recognized — a pedigree recorded by Garrod illustrates the 

 fact. A man who has very severe gout is married to a woman 

 who when 70 years old began to suffer from it. They had 

 7 children; all have suffered from gout, 5 have died from 

 gout and its various complications; the other two are still 

 hving. 



39. Reproductive Organs 



a. Cryptorchism, or retention and atrophy of testicles. 



This condition, a semi-' 'hermaphroditic" one, is character- 



I I ized by the fact that the normal 



QyQ ^ descent of the testis into the 



scrotum fails to occur. A pedi- 



J I gree of a family exhibiting this 



LJtCJ H condition is given, in Fig. 150. 



1 1 J I In the third generation one boy 



^-*Nr— . ^ ^ ^ JLj out of four is normal. This trait 

 ^^^—^ ■* ™ ™ '— ' is probably inherited just hke 



hypospadias. 

 r^ b. Hypospadias. — Like the last 



Fig. 150.-Pedigree of cryp- ^^'^ ^^ evidence of an imperfect 



torchism, Afifected persons rep- development of the external sec- 

 resented by black symbols. On j i, x j • 



account of the sterility of the males ^^dary sex characters and possi- 

 all affected persons are derived bly indicates an imperfect stim- 



from sisters of affected persons. , , ,. , . ^m 



All affected persons are natural ^luS tO Sex dimorphism. The 



eunuchs. Bronardel, p. 169. defect is characterized by the 

 more or less complete failure of the male genital papilla to 

 close along the median raphe up to the apex of the glans. An 

 affected man may have by a wife who belongs to a normal 

 strain some or all of his sons affected. His normal daughters 

 may have abnormal sons even when the father belongs to a 

 normal strain. It seems that there is an inhibitor to com- 

 plete sex-differentiation in the males. Usually .males who 

 show no trace of the inhibitor when married into a normal 



