MIGRATIONS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE 215 



pendence in thought and action, chastity, self-control of 

 other sorts, and a love of agricultural pursuits. The latter is 

 less marked in the Swedes than the Norwegians, for of the 

 former only one-third, while of the later more than half, are 

 engaged in farming. 



d. Austria-Hungary. — The immigration from Austria- 

 Hungary was the next to assume large proportions. It 

 first became considerable with 17,000 in 1880; rose to 

 77,000 in 1892, and to 338,000 in 1907. It now consists of 

 diverse races; Germans, Slavonians, Croatians and Dal- 

 matians, Bohemians, Magyars, Slovaks, Ruthenians, Rou- 

 manians. The latter races are brunet in skin, hair and eye 

 color and of average to short stature. The Bohemians that 

 have migrated to the United States are engaged prevail- 

 ingly in agriculture. Colonies are found in the prairie 

 states of the upper Mississippi Valley, and in Nebraska and 

 Texas. The Report of the Commissioner-General of Im- 

 migration gives Illinois as the intended home of 2G per cent 

 of the immigrant Bohemians and Moravians, New York 

 of 19 per cent, Ohio of 9 per cent and Texas and Pennsyl- 

 vania each of 7 per cent. In both rural and urban condi- 

 tions they show prevailing traits of self-respect and per- 

 tinacity. The Slovaks in America (to whom nearly 8,000 

 were added in 1910) are agricultural laborers, not farm 

 owners, but they have founded a few colonies, like that at 

 Slovaktown, near Stuttgard, Ark. Most of those in the 

 East become miners, especially of bituminous coal, and have 

 settled largely in Pennsylvania. 



e. Hebrews have formed a marked proportion of the 

 population of North America from an early period; even 

 in prerevolutionary times they penetrated to the frontier 

 as peddlers. But the great immigration began with that 

 from Germany and has continued from that country, from 



Austria-Hungary and Russia in ever increasing nmnbers. 



