not only records hut minds 55 



recently done^. But it is meaningless to talk 

 of memory unless we are prepared to refer 

 it to a subject that remembers. Records or 

 memoranda alone are not memory, for they 

 presuppose it. They may consist of physical 

 traces ; but memory, even when called " un- 

 conscious," suggests mind; for, as we have 

 seen, the automatic character implied by 

 this term " unconscious " presupposes fore- 

 gone experience. But it is possible that a 

 subject may impart his knowledge or dex- 

 terity to another without dragging his pupil 

 through all the maze of blundering which 

 his own acquisition cost. The mnemic theory 

 then, if it is to be worth anything, seems to me 

 clearly to require not merely physical records 



^ Outlines of Evolutional Psychology^ 1912. Signer B. 

 Rignano, founder of the international review Scientia, in particular 

 has developed a very elaborate theory of " organic memory " to 

 explain the inheritance of acquired charactei-s, Sur la transmis- 

 sibilite des caracteres acquis^ Paris, 1906. 



