BO TA NIC A L TERMS. 



Position. 



.SiJitTKKHA.NKAN : w licii, ;is in most cases, the root is iimler- 



^foiind. 

 Akuial : when the roots spring from the sides of t}io stem 



above ground, as in Poison Ivy, wliicli uses roots for 



climbing ; and in Indian Corn. 

 Aqcatu' : when suspended in water, as in Duckweed. 



Duration. 



Annual : lusting one season only. 

 BiKNNiAi, : lasting two .seasons. 

 Pekenniai. : lasting year aftcM- yc.-ii-. 



THE STEM. 

 'Class. 



Exogenous (or Dicotyledonous) : with the wood in ammal 

 laj'ers or rings (Fig. 9). 



Note that plants with exogenous stems have also the 

 following characters : 



(a) The embrj-o of the seed has morf than (usn.tlly 



two) cotyledons. 



(b) The leaves are net-veined. 



(c) The parts of the flower are usually I'ot in threes or 

 sixes, but commonly in fours or fives. 



(d) They have a true bark. 



EXDOOENOUS (or MONOCOTVLEDONOUS) : with the wood not in 

 rings but scattered thi-ough the stem (Fig. 10). 



Plants with endogenous stems have also the following 

 characters : 



(a) The embryo has but one cotyledon. 



(b) The leaves are nearly alwaj's straight-veineil. 



(c) The parts of the flower are never in fives, Viut 

 almost invariably in threes or sixes. 



(d) They have no true bark. 



Attitude. 



EuECT : growing directly upwards. 



Declined : bending over towards the ground. 



Prostrate, or Puocumuent, .or Tkaimno : lying flat along 



the ground. 

 Creeping: lying flat, and striking roor nt intprv.-il-i iFig. 1 H. 

 Diffuse : spreading in all directions. 

 Ascending : growing upwards in a slanting direction. 

 Climbing : when the stem raises itself Ijy means of tendrils 



(Fig. 12) or leaf-stalks, or hooked prickles, which lay 



hold of neighbouring j)lants or other objects. * 

 Twining : when the stem itself coils round the support 



(Fig. 13). 



1 



Kit'. 10. 



Ki^^ 11. 



Fi|.'. U*. 



Fi»f. :3. 



