GLOSSARY OF 



Texture. 



Herbaceous: with little or no wood, und (lying-clown to the 



ground each year. 

 Woody : as in shrubs and trees. 

 SuFFKUTicoSE : woody at the base, but herbaceous at tlie top. 



Position. 



Ai^;uiAL : growing aliove gi'ound. 

 SuBTEKUANEAX : growing under ground. 



0£ subterranean stems there are the following varieties : 



(a) Jihizonie, or liootstock : a horizontal, more or less 

 flesh}', perennial underground stem, which produces each 

 season a new bud at its extremity, from which the annual 

 overground stem is developed, as in Trillium, Bloodroot, 

 and most of our early-flowering herbs (Fig. 14). 



(b) Tuber : the thickened end of a rhizome, as the 

 Potato and Artichoke (Fig. 15). 



(c) Bulb : a globular mass, usually made up of fleshy 

 leaves attached to a short flat stem, as the Lily (Fig. 16) 

 and Onion. 



(d) Conn : a bulb having the stem part very large 

 compared with the bud or leaf jiart, as in Indian-Turnip 

 (Fig. IT). 



A plant is described as acaulescent, or stemless, when 

 the stem is ver^'' short and the leaves spring in a cluster 

 from the surface of the ground, as in Dandelion and 

 Hepatica. 



Shape. 



Terete: cylindrical (Fig. 18). 



Compressed : somewhat flattened (Fig. 19). 



Triangular : Fig. 20 



Square: Fig. 21. 



Grooved : Fig. 22. 



Winged: Fig. 23. 



Striate : with lines running lengthwise. 



Juice. 



In some cases the colour or tasteof the juice is characteristic, 

 and should be mentioned : Bloodroot has a red juice, Milk- 

 weed a milky juice, Celandine a yellow juice, Buttercup 

 a coloiu-less bitter juice, Soi-rel a colourless sour juice, etc. 



Branching. 



Tlie stem is 

 Simple : when branches are entirely wanting, as in Mullein. 

 ExcuRREN'T : when the main stem can be traced through to 



the top, as in Fir and Pine. 

 Deliquescent : when the main stem is soon lost in the 



branches, as in most shrubs. 



Fig. 14. 



Fig. 15. 



Fig. 17. 



Figs. 18. 



19. 



20. 



21. 



Figs. 21 



