lioTAMCAL TERMS. 



17 



With Ruxn'ERS : wlien there are slender branches frona the 

 base of the stem wiiicli take root at the end, as in Straw- 

 berry, etc. (Fig-. 11). 



With Stolons : when branches bend over so as to reach tlie 

 ground and take root (Fig. 11). 



With Suckeus : when an underground branch sends up a 

 stem at a distance from tlie parent jtlant, as in Mint, etc. 

 (Fig. 11). 



Tenduils are sometimes brancli-forms, as those of the Grape 



(Fig. 12). 



Spixes, as in Hawthorn, are also branch-forms, stunted and 

 pointed (Fig. 24). 



THE LEAF. 

 Parts. 



Bl.vde : the broad part. 



Petiole : the leaf-stalk. 



Stipules : two small usually leaf-like pieces, one on each side 

 of the petiole where it joins the stem of the plant (Fig. 

 25) ; but sometimes the stipules are in the form of spines, 

 as in Locust, and sometimes they form a tube around the 

 stem, as in Smartweed (Fig. 27). 



Sheath : the tubular petiole which surrounds the stem in 

 many Endogens (Fig. 2G). 



Ligule : the thin semi-transpai'ent appendage growing at the 

 top of the sheath in most grasse.^;. It appears to be an 

 upward extension of the lining of the sheath (Fig. 20). 



Position. 



Radical : when arising from the stem at or below the surface 

 of the ground. 



Caulixe : all the leaves higher up the stem. 



In plants like Dandelion and Hepatica all the leaves 

 are radical. In ButteiTup and Shophord's Purse there 

 are both kinds (Fig. 28). 



Arrangement. 



Ai/rKKNATi: : when only one leaf springs from a node, or joint 

 of the stem (Fig. 29). ■ 



Opposite : when two leaves spring from each node on oppo- 

 site sides of the stem ; and opposite leaves are decussate 

 when each pair is at right angles to the next pair 

 (Fig. 30). 



Whokled, or A'ekticill.vte : wlun three or more knves 

 spring from a node (Fig. 31). 



Fasciculate : when there are sevei-al leaves in a bundle, as 

 in Pine, Larch, etc. (Fig. 32). 



