BOTASUAL TKh'MS. 



21 



Pekfoliatk : when the lobes of a sessile leaf grow toj?ether 



at the back of the stein, so that the stem seems to jjhss 



tluou^h tlie leaf (Fi<,'. 87). 

 CoNNATio, or CoNNATE-i'KuroMATK : whcu iwo Opposite sessile 



leaves grow together by their bases (Fig. 88). 

 Decurrent : when the lobes of a sessile leaf grow down the 



sides of the stem (Fig. 89). 



Surface. 



(Tlie student should use liis lens in determining llie 

 character of the surface of either stem or leaf.) 

 • Smooth, or Glahuous : entirely without hairs. 

 ^Glaucous; covered with a bloom which may bo rublu'd off 

 with the fingers, as in Cabbage. 

 Punctate: showing transparent dots when lield up to the 



light, as in St. John's Wort. 

 Scabrous : rough, but without hairs. 

 '' PuBE.^CENT : covered with hnu soft short hairs. 

 ^ Villous : with long soft hairs. 

 ToMEXTOSE : witli matted hairs. 

 Sericeous : with silkj- hairs. 

 Hoary : with white down. 

 Hispid : with stiff hairs. 

 Spinous : with scattered spines. 

 liUGOSE : wrinkled. 

 -CiLiATE : with hairs on the p.dye. 



Colour. 



The colour of tlie leaf must be described by an appro- 

 priate term, and if, as is often the case, the two surfaces 

 differ in colour, this fact mu.st be noted. 



Texture. 



Lieaves differ very much in texture. Some are very 

 thin and soft, others almost leathery, while others again 

 are very thick and lieshy. In describing a k-af, judg- 

 ment must be exercised in selecting a suitable term. 



Duration 



Fugacious, or Caducous : falling off early in summer. 

 Deciduous : falling off in autumn, as in most trees and 



shrubs. 

 Persistent, or Evergreen : remaining at least a year on the 



plant. 



Vernation, or mode of folding in the bud. 



Conduplicate : doubled lengthwise. Shown in cross-section 



in Fig. 90. 

 Plicate: folded like a fan, as in Mallow ^Fig. iU |. 

 C0NW0T,UTE : rolled from one edixp to rho other ("Fig. n-2\ 



Fij?. 87. 



Fig. 89. 



^ 



Fi»f. HO. 



Fip. !n. 



Fift. rcj. 



