34 



GLOSSARY OF 



LocKMCiDAL : when the splitting? takes place in the mid- 

 dle of the wall of each carpel, that is, along the 

 dorsal sutures (Fig. 18D). 



Septifragal : wlien the walls split away from the parti- 

 tion, leaving the latter standing (Fig. 184). 



CiRCUMCissiLE : when the top of the pericarp comes off 

 like a lid (Fig. 181). 



By pores : when the seeds escape through small open- 

 ings near the top of the capsule, as in Poppy. 



Dry Indehiscent Fruits. 



/ (a) Achene, a dry indehiscent one-seeded fruit, having 

 the pericar]) free from the seed, as in Buttercup (Figs. 

 185, 18(3), and all Composites. 



V (b) Caryopsis or Grain, a dry indehiscent one-seeded 

 fruit, having the pericarp adherent to the seed, as in the 

 Oat (Fig. 187), and Grasses generallj'. 



. (c) Nut, a dry indehiscent one-seeded fruit with a hard 

 thick pericarp, and usually the product of a s^-ncarpous 

 pistil, in which all the cells and seeds but one have dis- 

 appeared during growth. 



The nut is often accompanied by a Cupule or 

 hardened involucre, as in the Acorn (Fig. 188), 

 Beech-nut and Hazel-nut. 



(d) Utricle, like an Achene, but with a very tliin loose 

 pericarp (Fig. 189). 



(e) Schizocarp, a dry indehiscent two-several-seeded 

 fruit, which breaks np at maturity into one-seeded pieces 

 (carpels), each of which, however, remains closed, as 

 in Mallow (Fig. 190), and all Umbelliferous plants (Fig. 

 191). 



, (f) Samara or Key, a dry indehiscent one-seeded fruit, 

 with a thin wing, as in Elm (Fig. 192), and Ash. The 

 Maple (Fig. 193) has a double samara, which splits into 

 two pieces at maturity, and so is a true schizocarp. 



B.— Fleshy Fruits (all indehiscent): 



-■ (a) Drupe or Stone-fruit, a fleshj^ fruit, having a very 

 hard endocarp (the putamen), wliich encloses the seed 

 till germination, a thick and usually juicy mesocarp, and 

 a thin outer skin or epicarp, as the Plum, Cherrj', 

 Walnut and Peach (Fig. 194). 



■ (b) B'rry, a fleshj'' fruit, having a soft and juicy 

 endocarp, in which the seeds are embedded, as the 

 Grape, Tomato, Currant, etc. (Fig. 195). 



The Orange is a special kind of berry known as a 

 Hesperidium. 





Fig. 183. 



Fig. 184. 



Fig. 185. 



Fig. 186. 



Fig. 187. 



ig. ir»l. Fig. 102. 



Fig. 193. 



Fig. 194. 



Fig. 195. 



