KEY TO THE FAMILIES OR ORDERS. 



SERIES I. PHANEROGAJViS. 

 Plants produciug true flowers and seeds. 



CLASS I. DICOTYLEDONS. 



Distinguished ordinarily by having net- veined leaves, 

 and the parts of the flowers in fours or fives, very 

 rarely in sixes. Wood growing in rings, and sur- 

 rounded by a true bark. Cotyledons of the embryo 

 mostly two. 



SUB-CLASS I. AXGIOSPERMS. 

 Seeds enclosed in an ovary. 



I. POLYPETALOUS DIVISION. 



Two distinct sets of Floral Envelopes. Parts of the 

 corolla separate from each other. 



X. Staiucns more than t^vice as niauy as the petals. 



* Stamens hypogynous (inaerted on the receptacle). 

 -J- Pistil apocarpous (carpels separate from each other). 



Raxunculace^. — Herbs. Leaves generally de- 

 compound or much dissected 2 



AxoNACE.E. — Small trees. Leaves entire. Petuis 



6, iu 2 sets 7 



Magkoliace.s — Trees. Leaves truncate, rruit 



resembling a cone 6 



Mexispermace^. — Woody twiners. Flowers dioe- 

 cious. Leaves peltate near the edge 7 



Brasenia, in 



NviU'ii.^ACE.E. — Aquatic. Leaves oval, peltate ; 



the petiole attached to the centre 9 



Malvace.b. — Stamens monadelphous. Calyx per- 

 sistent. Ovaries in a ring 24 



Podophyllum, in 



ijEHiiERii>AC'E.E. — Calyx fugacious. Leaves large, 

 peltate, deeply lobed. Fruit a large flesliy 

 berry, 1 -celled 8 



-H-i- Pistil syncarpous. ( Stigmas, styles, placentce, 

 or cells, more than one. ) 



Actsea, in 



RANrNcnLACE.^:, might be looked for here. Fruit 



a many seeded berry. Leaves compound . . .\ 2 



Nymph.cace.'e. — Aquatics. Leaves floating, large, 



deeply cordate 9 



SARRACENrACE-E. — Bog-plauts. Lcaves pitcher- 

 shaped 10 



PAPAVERACEi*:. — Juicc red or yellow. Sepals 2, 



caducous 10 



Capparidace^. — Corolla cruciform, but pod 



1 -celled. Leaves of 3 leaflets 16 



Hypertcace^. — Leaves transparent-dotted. Sta- 

 mens usually in 3, but sometimes 5, clusters. . 19 



CiSTACE.E. — Sepals 5, very unequal, or only 3. 



Ovary 1 celled, with 3 parietal placentae 18 



Malvace^. — Stamens monadelphous, connected 

 with the bottom of tlie petals. Calyx persist- 

 ent. Ovaries in a ring 2-1 



TiLiACE.'E. — Trees. Flowers yellowish, in small 

 hanging cymes, the peduncle with a leaf-like 

 bract attached 25 



* * Stamens peri'jynous (inserted on the calyx). 



Portulaca, in 



PoRTULACACE.B. — Low herbs, with fleshy leaves. 

 Sepals 2, adhering to the ovary beneath. Pod 

 opening by a lid 23 



Ro.?ACE.E. — Leaves alternate, with stipules. Fruit 



apocarpous, or a drape, or a pome 38 



* * * Stamens epi'jynous (attached to the ovary). 

 Nymphsea, in 



Nymph.eace^. — Aquatic. Leaves floating. 

 Flowers white, large, with numerous petals 

 gradually passing into stamens 9 



B. Stamens uot more than twice as many sis the 

 petals. 



* Stamens just as many as the petals, and one stamen in ' 



front of each jMal. 



Berberidace.'E. — Herbs (with us). Anthers open- 

 ing by uplifting valves 8 



Portpl.\cace.e. — Sepals 2. Styles 3-cleft. Leaves 



2, fleshy 23 



Vitace^. — Shrubs, climbing by tendrils. Calyx 



minute 29 



Rhamn'ace.e. — Shrubs, not climbing 29 



Lysimacliia, in 



Primulace^, is occasionally polypetalous. 

 Flowers yellow, in axillary spikes ; the petals 

 sprinkled with purplish dots 91 



* * Stamens either just ns many as the petals and alter- 



nate with them, or not exactly the same number. 



+- Corolla irregular. 



FuMARiACE^. — Corolla flattened and closed. Sta- 

 mens 6 11 



