Kkv io riiK Famii.iics ok OitnKits. 



HI. Al'KTALOUS Iil\lslON. 



Corolla (ami sometimes calyx also) wanting. 



A. Flowers nut In rnlkiiis. 



♦ Calyx and corolla both wantimj, 



Saukurack.*- — Flowers white, in a i1en.so tcnniiiiil 

 spike, nixUliiig at the end. Carpels U or 4, 

 nearly separate 124 



l'EiiAToriiYLL.\rK.t:. — Immcrsccl aquatics, with 

 wliorletl finely dissected leaves. Flowers 

 inoncuoious 1 24 



• ♦ Calyx superior (i.e., adherent to the orary). 



SAXiKit.\(iArE^K — Small, smooth herhs, with incon- 

 spicuous greenish-ytUow lii)Wt;rs. Stamens 

 twice as many as the calyx-lobes, ou a con- 

 spicuous disk 46 



IJALORACK-K.— Aquatics. Leaves finely dissectc<l 

 or linear. Stamens 1-8. Ovary 4-lobed or 

 (Hippuris) 1-celled 49 



ONACiRACK.*:. — Herbs, in ditches. Stamens 4. 



Uvary 4-celled, 4-sitle(l 49 



ARiSTOLOCHiACK.t;. — Calyx 3-lobed, dull purple 



inside. Ovary 6-celled 11 <> 



Saxtai.ace.k. — Low plants with greenish-white 

 Howers in terminal clusters. Calyx-tube pro- 

 longed, and forming a neck to the 1-celled 

 nut-like fruit 1 24 



El.*l\<;xace.*:. — Shrubs with scurfy leaves. 

 Flowers dicecious. Calyx 4parted, in the 

 fertile flowers apparently a«Uierent to the 

 ovary, and becoming fleshy in fruit 123 



» * • Calyx inferior ( plainly free from the. ovaryj. 



+- Ovaries more than one and separate from each other. 



Raxcxctlace^. — Calyx present, colored an<l 

 petal-like. Achenes containing several seeds, 

 or only one 2 



RcTACE.*:. — Prickly shrubs, with compound trans- 

 parent-dotted leaves, and dioecious flowers ... 27 



■i— {-Ovary only one, but with more than one cell. 



CRASSt:L.\CE.«. — Herbs, in wet places. Pod 5- 



celled and 5-horned 4S 



PHYT()LACfA(-E.«:. — Herbs. Ovary 10-celled and 



lO-seeded HO 



EnPHOitniACE.t:. — Herbs. Ovary 3-celled, .3-lobed, 



protruded on a long pedicel. Juice milky . . 125 



Sapini>ace.«. — Trees. Ovary 2-celIed and 2-lobed. 



Fruit two l-seedetl samaras joined together. 



Flowers polygamous 31 



Rhamnace.e. — Shrubs. Ovary 3-celled and 3- 



seeded ; forming a berry 2!t 



FicoiDE.T..— Prostrate herbs with whorled leaves. 



Ovary 3-celled, many-seeded 52 



UKTifACK.«. — Trees. Loaves simple. Ovary 2- 

 celled, but fruit a 1-secdcd samara wingeil all 

 round. Stigmas 2 1-7 



-1 — i--i-Or(/ry only one, l-celled and 1-Mee<le'l. 



P(ii,V(;i>.VACE.*;. — Herbs. Stipnlcs shoathinf; the 



stem at the nodes 119 



Uktii'.\ce.«. - Herbs. Stigma 1. Flowers mon»e- 

 cious or <li«eciou8, in hpikes or r;tL'<-me». No 

 chatl'-liko bracts among the Howims. (fr. 

 Stigmas 2 ; leaves paluiately-couq)uund 1C7 



Amauaxtack.k. — Herbs. Flowers greenish or 

 reddii-li, in spikes, with chajf-likt bracts inter- 

 n/'frH(d. Stigmas 2 118 



CiIENOPODiACK.f:. — Herbs. Flowers greenish, in 



spikes. No chaff-like bract«. Stigmas 2 110 



Oleace.*:. — Trees. Lenrcn pinnnttly-comjtouml. 



Fruit a 1 seeded samara 115 



Urticace,*:. — Trees. Lfuves simple. Fruit a 



1 -seeded samara winged all round, or a drupe. 127 



Lairace.e. — Trees or slirubs. Flowers di<ecious. 

 Sepals 0, petal-like. Stamens 9, opening by 

 uplifting valves 122 



TllVMEi.EACK.f.. — Shrubs with leather-like bark, 

 and jointed branchlets. Flowers perfect, pre- 

 ceding the leaves. Style thread-like 123 



It. Fliiurrs in ralklus. 

 ♦ Sterile or staminate flowers only in calkinn. 



JuGLASiiACE.v.. — Trees with pinnate leaves. Fruit 



a nut with a husk 130 



CuPULiFER.*:. — Trees with simple leaves. Fruit 

 one or more nuts snrroiindeil by an involucre 

 which forms a scaly cup or bur 131 



* * Doth sterile and fertile Jloicers in calkin.i, or rn/kln- 

 like heads. 



Salicace.*:. -Shrubs or low trees. Ovary 1 celled, 

 many-seeded ; seeds tufted with down at one 

 entl'. 1.36 



PLAT.VNAC'E.t;. — Largo trees. Stl/mlrs shcnthimj the 



branchlets. The flowers in heads . 1.30 



MvRlCAC'E.t;. — Shrtdjs with resinous-dotted, usually 

 fragrant, leaves. Fertile flowers one under 

 each scale. Nutlets usually coated with waxy 

 grains 1.34 



Beti'Lace.e. — Trees or shrubs. Fertile flowers 2 

 or 3 under each scale of the catkin. Stigmas 

 2, long and slender 1.35 



SUB-CLASS n. GYMXOSPERMS. 



Ovules and seeds naked, on the inner face of an open 



scale : or, in Taxus, without any scab-, but surronniled 

 by a ring-like di.sk wliich becomes re<l and berry-like 

 in fruit. 



CoNiFER.t;. — Trees or shrubs, with resinous juice, 

 and mostly awl-shaped or needle-shapetl leaves. 

 Fruit a cone, or occasionally berry-like 1 .39 



I- .. 



~~i 



