Kev to imie Families ok Orders. 



CLASS II. MONOCOTYLEDONS. 



Distingnislied ordinarily by li;i\ing straight-veiiiBcl 

 leaves (tliougii occasionally net-veined ones), and tlie 

 parts of the Howers in threes, never in lives. \Vo()d 

 never forming rings, but interspersed in separate bun- 

 dles throughout tlie stem. Cotyledon only 1. 



I. SPADICEOUS DIVISION. 



Flowers collected on a spadix, with or without a 

 spatlie or sheathing bract. Leaves sometimes net- 

 veined. 



Arace.*;. — Herbs (either flag-like marsh-planta, 

 or terrestrial,) with pungent juice, and simple 

 or compounil leaves, these sometimes net- 

 veined. Spadix usually (but not always) ac- 

 companied by a spathe. Flowers either with- 

 out a perianth of any kind, or with 4-6 sepals 143 

 Typiiace.*. — Aquatic or marsh plants, with linear 

 straight-veined leaves erect or floating, and 

 monoecious flowers. Heads of flowers cylin- 

 drical or globular, no spathe, and no floral 



envelopes „ , 



Lemnace.e. — Small aquatics, freely floating about 144 

 Naiadace^e. — Immersed aquatics. Stems branch- 

 ing and leafy. Flowers perfect, in spikes, 

 generally on the surface 145 



II. PETALOIDEOUS DIVISION. 



Flowers not collected on a spadix, furnished with a 

 corolla-like, or occasionally herbaceous, perianth. 



A. IN-riaiitU superior <aclherciit to the ovary). 



* Flowers dicecious or polygamous, regular. 



Hydrocharidace^. — Aquatics. Pistillate flowers 



only above water ; perianth of 6 pieces 148 



DiosCOREACEJE. — Twiners, from knotted root- 

 stocks. Leaves heart-shaped, net-veined. 

 Pod with 3 large wings 



* * Flowers perfect. 



144 



157 



Orckidace^.. — Stamens 1 or 2, gynandrous. 



Flowers irregular 1^^ 



iRlDACEiE. — Stamens 3 155 



Amaryllidace.v —Stamens 6. Flowers on a scape 



from a bulh 156 



It. I'eriaiitli Inferior (free from tlie ovary>. 



Alismace.*;. — Pistil apocarpous ; carpels in a ring 



or head, leaves with distinct petiole and blade 147 



Smila(;e,e. — Climbing plants, with alternate 

 ribbed and net-veined petioled leaves. 

 Flowers dicecious 157 



Triglochin, in 



Alismace.k. — Rush-like marsh herbs. Flowers in 

 a spike or raceme. Carpels when ripe split- 

 ting away from a persistent axis ... 147 



LiLlACE.E. — Perianth of similar divisions or lobes, 

 mostly 6, but in one case 4. One stamen in 

 front of each division, the stamens similar. . . . 158 



Trillium, in 



LiLiACE.E. — Perianth of 3 green sepals and three 



colored petals 158 



PoNTEDERiACE^:. — Stamcns 6, 3 long and 3 short. 

 Perianth (blue or yellow) tubular, of 6 lobes. 

 Aquatics 164 



JuNCACE.-E. — Perianth glumaceous, of similar pieces 162 



Eriocaulonace^. — In shallow water. Flowers in 

 a small woolly head, at the summit of a 7- 

 angled scape. Leaves in a tuft at the base. . . 165 



III. GLUxMACEOUS DIVISION. 



Flowers without a true perianth, but subtended by 

 thin scales called glumes. 



Cyperace.«. — Sheaths of the leaves not split 165 



Gramixe.*;. — Sheaths of the leaves split on the side 



away from the blade 168 



SERIES II. CRYPTOGAMS. 



Plants without stamens and pistils, reproducing 

 themselves by spores instead of seeds. 



CLASS III. PTERIDOPHYTES. 



Stems containing vascular as well as c^illular tissue. 



FiLiCES. — Spores produced on the fronds 174 



Equisetace.E. — Spores produced on the under side 

 of the shield-sluiped scales of a terminal spike 



or cone 181 



Lycopodiace.i-:. — Spore-cases produced in the axils 



of the simple leaves or bracts 182 



